GIS – Harrow

For my report I've chosen 4 GIS maps from the Harrow council's official website (to make the results more reliable) that show the differentiation between the standards of living across the London borough of Harrow. The GIS maps that I chose (and copied as evidence) include: population density, life expectancy, street crime, and income levels; I have analysed them and described what the variations in each map are and what they show us. To conclude my report I have compared the variations in all the maps, and described what they show us. This map shows the main wards in the borough of Harrow. Pop. Density This map (see above) shows the population density levels in wards across Harrow. The map shows us that there is a mix of both high and low population density levels across the borough. The north east and west of the borough is the most sparsest, as it's got the lowest amount of people per hectare- 5-less than 40 people and 40-less than 55 High per hectare. Population density levels are more concentrated in the centre of the borough, where wards like Wealdstone, headstone north, Kenton west, and Marlborough are located, with equally high density levels spreading towards the south of the borough-towards the south east, where high pop. density levels are also highly concentrated, Kenton east is situated there. The south west of the borough has more of a mix of pop. density levels, as they're between mostly 40-less than 50 people per hectare, and 83-less than 107 people per hectare. (Wards like Roxbourne, and West Harrow which are situated in the south west of the borough have higher population density levels). Life expectancy This map (see above) shows the life expectancy levels in wards, across Harrow. The map shows us that the life expectancy levels across the borough are generally low- they're mostly around 78.5 years to less than 80 years, and 80 years to less than 81 years. The map shows us that generally the centre of the borough has got the lowest life expectancy levels in the borough, with a life expectancy of 76-less than 78.5 years and 78.5-less than 80 years. The areas with the highest life expectancies in the borough are the far north east where Cannons is located, with a high life expectancy of 81.5-less than 83 years, and the far south east, where Edgware is located, with a life expectancy of 81-less than 81.5 years. In general, I think that the graph shows us that the west-north /west of the borough has got the highest life expectancy, with mostly a life expectancy of 81.5-less than 83 years; the north-west has got a high life expectancy of 81-less than 81.5 years. Street crime-darker area=more street crime This map (see above) shows the levels of street crime in wards, across Harrow. The map shows us that generally, fairly high levels of street crime are quite widely dispersed across the borough, the fact that there is no legend available for this map makes it less reliable. The centre of the borough seems to have the most amount of street crime, as generally, there're darker areas are more concentrated, with Greenhill in the south having the highest level of crime as it is the darkest area. The whole of the eastern section of the borough also seems to have a high indicator for crime levels- where wards like Cannons and Edgware are located, as there're lots of dark areas and they're highly concentrated. The north/ west have got the lowest indicator levels for street crime, as there're a lot of light areas that are fairly highly concentrated, wards like Pinner, Hatch End, Headstone north, and Pinner south are located. Income-darker=less income, lighter=more income. This map (see above) shows us the levels of income in wards, across Harrow. The map shows us that generally fairly low income levels are widely dispersed across the borough, the fact that there is no legend available for this map makes it less reliable. The south of the borough seems to have a lower indicator level for income, as these areas are darker and highly concentrated, where wards like Greenhill, Marlborough, and Kenton are situated. Generally the east of the borough seems to have the low levels of income too (second after the centre). The north west section of the borough seems to have fairly low levels of crime as there are lighter areas, wards like Pinner, Hatch End, Rayners Lane, and Headstone north are located. Conclusion By comparing the 4 variations between the standards of living in Harrow for all 4 of the GIS maps, I have found that in general, the north west of the borough has got the lowest indicators for street crime, and population density, while having the highest indicators for life expectancy, and income. I think this is due to the fact that the categories may be interdependent. I think that because people in the north west generally have a higher income compared to the rest of the borough, so this could've had an impact on the other results from the other categories, e.g. the reason why there is a low indicator for population density in the area could be because the house prices are higher in this area, so people can't really afford to live in this area (as the majority of the rest of the borough seem to generally have a lower income level). Also, the results suggest that street crime levels are generally low in this area because of the low indicator of population density in this area. I have also found that in general, the south/west of the borough has got the highest indicator for population density levels, street crime levels, low income levels, and a low indicator for life expectancy levels. I think that this is due to the fact that the categories may have a correlation. I think that because people in the north west generally have a high indicator for population density levels, as they may have a low income compared to the north west of the borough (which has a high indicator for income), so they can't really afford to live in the north west, this could also be the reason why generally street crime levels are higher in the south east, because of the high indicator for population density. Also, the reason that the area in general has a low indicator for life expectancy may be because of the larger amount of people who live there.

The Role of Language and Communication in National Transfromation

The relationship between language and communication in the business of information encoding and dissemination cannot be over looked. Despite the fact that the two concepts are different in meaning, the roles they play are complementary in many ways.Language is a process by which information can be carried out from one party to another, while communication refers to the chain of activities that make it possible for information, ideas, emotions and experiences to be conveyed from one party to the other. The process of communication starts with the source that first puts the message information in a code or language before it is sent to the receiver. The major focus of this work is to examine how language and communication agree in achieving effective information delivery for National Transformation. A documentary approach was applied.It was found out that the issue of language and communication is at the core of national transformation in Nigeria. Some variables that are relevant to th is work are examined. These findings led to the conclusion that for Nigeria to move forward in its transformational strides in the 21st century, language and communication must be strengthened at all cost. 1. 0: INTRODUCTION Language plays a very vital role in human society. The language of any human society tells a lot about that society. Therefore, it can be further emphasized that language and communication are inseparable.In any human society, language and communication occupy a very important seat, more than it appears to all. The functions of language and communication in any human community include the following; expression of thoughts, political, administration, education, social, religious, legislation and so on. It is imperative to note that of all the channels of communication, language is the most important. This is because all other means of communication like gestures and signs are only needful in the face-to-face circumstance.Language plays a vital role in this and st ill remains the most effective means of communication. Through language and communication, we can see the heart of a people. This implies that language makes it possible to express feelings, emotions, views, ideas, opinions, perceptions, as well as judgment about people, objects, places, things, information and situations, Obuh and Omenogor (2012). 2. 0: WHAT IS LANGUAGE? Language is a viable implement used by man for the purpose of communication. It is human-specific and this differentiates man from other creatures.Language has contributed enormously to the great transformation of our society politically, religiously, socially and economically. For the sake of this paper, we need a definition of language. There is a plethora of definitions of the concept of language. Sapir (1963) asserts that: â€Å"language is the key to the heart of a people† this means that language is a purely human and non-instinctive type of communication. Moreso, Moulton (1974), sees language as: â₠¬Å"a wonderful and rich vehicle of communication, which is: expression of ideas, wishes, commands, conveyance of truths and lies. He also said that only human beings have the attribute of sending and receiving an unlimited number of messages. This implies that language is a feature common to human beings. Haugen (1974) explains language as: â€Å"a man’s most distinctive and significant type of social behaviour†¦ learned anew by every child. † Language and communication are inseparably linked in the heart of a people. According to Allen and Corder (1973:27), â€Å"language is purely a human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols†.Hall (1980:16) defines language as: â€Å"the institutions where by humans communicate and interact with each other by means of habitually used oral auditory symbols†. Bolinger (1975:14), views language as: â€Å"a system of vocal-auditory communicati on interacting with the experiences of its users, employing conventional signs composed of arbitrarily patterned sound units and assembled according to set rules†. In another development, Essien (1998:2) sees language as: A system of structured arbitrary vocal symbols by means of which human beings make meaning nd communicate with each other in a given community†¦. These definitions recognize the communicative role of language which is specifically used by human beings for the purpose of interaction. By implication, language is in essence a perfect means of expression among every known people. It is important to note that language determines the world-view of a people. It is the connection between language and communication in information delivery for national transformation that is the fulcrum of this discourse.In as much as human beings use language, communication remains its primary target. 2. 1: FUNCTIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LANGUAGE These can be seen as some speci al qualities and role that are common to a typical human language. Human language is used in a number of functions and topmost among which is communication. In the same vein, language is known with the following properties: LANGUAGE IS A LIVING PHENOMENON: This is attributed to a language because language just like other creatures can be ‘born’, ‘grow’, and ‘die’. Creating a language is like giving birth to a language.A language grows when it undergoes a kind of structural and semantic expansion. A language dies when it is no longer used or spoken by any group of people in any part of the world as a means of communication. IT IS ARBITRARY: This implies that there is no logic or reasonable resemblance between words and expressions of a given language and their basic meanings or what they stand for. Example, â€Å"the spoon is in the cup on the table† does not logically look like what it means because of the arbitrariness of each of its co nstituents parts.In the same vein, human language is conventional. This is closely related to the arbitrariness of language, because a language is conventional in the sense that its meaningful usage is based on general opinion, consent, knowledge or acceptability of its various speakers Oluga (2006) EVERY LANGUAGE IS RULE GOVERNED: This means that the acceptable and correct use of a giving language is usually guided at the various linguistic levels by set of an operating rules and principles called ‘Grammar’.Every language has its own grammar which may not be the same with those of other languages and any deviation from such grammatical rules will render language use ungrammatical. IT IS SYMBOLIC: This means that language also involves the use of various symbols which invariably aids comprehension of the meaning of language. However, symbols may or may not be physical. It is not physical if what is meant is the mental image already pictured in the language users’ mind which comes to mind whenever the signifier is mentioned.LANGUAGE IS PURELY HUMAN: The school of thought who advocates these characteristics are those who believe in the incomparability of the human language. To them, language is one of the main distinctive features by which human beings can be identified, hence, it is only the human means of communication that is highly complex and developed and which can explain virtually everything that they identify as language. LANGUAGE IS COMPLEX BUT FLEXIBLE: Language complexity means that language is made up of various, but logical related, constituent parts that can be properly combined to express unlimited ideals.While language flexibility means that language is not an unreasonably rigid source of communication but one that can be modified in various ways to express various ideas. One can even say something and mean the opposite of what one says and yet the intended meaning of one’s message would be understood. LANGUAGE IS EITH ER ACCQUIRED OR LEARNT: Here, human beings are not born with language though the ability to speak language is inherent in them; hence, no child starts to speak a language as soon as he/she is born.A language is either informally acquired from childhood through an unconscious process or formally learnt through a conscious learning process or in a formal learning setting like the language class. However, acquisition of language is peculiar to mother tongue while, learning proper is peculiar to other languages other than the mother tongue. It is also expedient to note that an already acquired language usually influences or impedes learning and competency in the second language usage. From the above, it is obvious that language is an essential part of human beings which they use for communication purpose.Therefore, every nation that wishes to have a meaningful transformation, must take the issue of its language very seriously. Nigeria is a typical example of a country that has not been taken the issue of language very seriously and this is part of the reasons for our backwardness in National Transformation. 2. 2: LANGUAGE AND NATIONAL TRANSFORMATION Transformation has to do with a complete change, usually into something with an improved appearance or usefulness. Transformation implies that there is an improvement of the well-being of the people.Transformation can be seen from two major angles, that is: from human and physical. For human, transformation should be seen in raising the levels of their living standard in terms of good income. Physical transformation is an aspect of transformation that does not necessarily change the living standard of the people like building skyscrapers, modern expressways and so on. Many people are poor because they cannot assume their citizens basic necessities of life. National Transformation is the growth of the nation in terms of unity, education and so on.It involves a coordinated and concentrated transformation of all aspects o f the society, Elugbe (1990) as quoted by Okoye and Okafor (2011). For National Transformation and social changes to take a positive stand, the government should share most of her favourable policies to her target audience through the accessible mediums with acceptable language. The economic transformation of any nation also helps to define its transformational processes. As it is, the process of industrialization entails a background study of the nature of the environment and its suitability for the industry.This cannot be achieved without the use of language to transmit the ideas to the people concerned Unegbu (2011). The unity of a nation has to do with the need for the various ethnic groups in that nation to see themselves as one. It is certain that Nigeria as a nation is a geographical entity that is made up of several different groups ordinarily unrelated. I stand to said that there cannot be real national unity and transformation without a strong and genuine linguistic policy that is geared towards uniting the country 3. 0: WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?Communication is the process of sharing ideas, feelings, thoughts and messages with others. The heart of communication is the dissemination of effective messages to the audience and this may involve writing, speaking, gestures, disposition and facial expressions, among others. Communication has been given several definitions by various scholars. For instance, Little (1965:4) defines communication as: â€Å"a process by which information is passed among individuals and organizations by means of previously agreed symbols†. Lyons (1965:32) views it as â€Å"an intentional transmission of information by means of some established signaling system†.Book, et al (1980:8) sees communication as â€Å"†¦ a transactional symbolic process which allows people to relate and manage their environment by establishing human contact, exchanging information, re-enforcing the attitudes and behaviours of others and changing the attitudes and behaviours of others. By these definitions, communication therefore is a means of touching others through sharing of information in agreed system. 3. 1: FORMS OF COMMUNICATION Forms of communication have been derived for the sake of convenience to simplify the process of communication.Communication is very vital to keep the environment healthy and peaceful. Imagine a world where no one understands one another. Wouldn't it be chaotic? Think about it. Communication of information, messages, opinions, speech and thoughts can be done through different forms of modern communication media, like Internet, Telephone and Mobile. Some of the basic ways of communication are by speaking, singing, sign language, body language, touch and eye contact. These basic ways of communication are used to transfer information and for the sake of this paper it shall be narrowed down into four: ?First is verbal communication, it is essentially the type of communication which uses words. It uses sounds in addition to the language, gestures and body language, while communicating. Verbal communication helps in expressing thoughts, emotions and sentiments. A phone conversation, chat with a friend, an announcement made or a speech delivered are all verbal forms of communication. For most of us, it comes with ease. As children, we learned verbal communication through the sounds around us. We soon develop and start understanding the language which helps us to communicate verbally as we grow older. Another is non-verbal communication. It is a process of communication without using words or sounds. Non-verbal communication uses gestures, body language, facial expressions, eye contact, clothing, hairstyles and every part of the body to communicate with the audience. Dances or a gesture made by a mother to a child, are the perfect examples of non-verbal communication. ?Written communication is another form. This is where you write the words which you want to communicat e. Good written communication is essential for business purposes. Written communication is practiced in many different languages.E-mails, reports, articles and memos are some of the ways of using written communication in business. The written communication can be edited and amended many times before it is communicated to the second party to whom the communication is intended. This is one of the main advantages of using writing as the major means of communication in business activity. Written communication is used not only in business but also for informal communication purposes. Mobile SMS is an example of informal written communication see Daramola (2003). ?Fourthly is oral communication. This is the communication process conducted through spoken words.Oral communication is defined as the effective interpretation, composition, and presentation of information, ideas, and values to a specific audience. In today's world, the emergences of different forms of media have led to the commu nication process through different channels like telephones, tele-conferences, video conferences and what have you. Earlier, face-to-face meetings and speeches were the only forms of communication see also Daramola (2003). 3. 2: CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNICATION According to Daramola (2003), the characteristics of communication are as follows: oCommunication is dynamic, not static. It is continuous since there is no beginning and end to it in person’ life oIt is a complete process as it occurs at many levels and reflects many influences. oIt is irreversible. Once any message is sent and received, it produces effect on later messages. oIt is non sequential in that the elements are not rigidly patterned in a linear or circular manner. 3. 3: COMMUNICATION AND NATIONAL TRANSFORMATION National Transformation in Nigeria is a phenomenon that has so many meanings to different people though, all gear towards enhancing the living standard of the masses.Society as a whole cannot survive if the people are not properly informed of the way forward. And communication constitutes one of the instruments that precedes the education and re-education of the people providing changes in the society. Communication is a way of relaying a lot of information to a large segment of people. In communicating with the people, there is the communicator, the message, channel and the audience. As an ingredient for the advancement of the society, communication maintains a constant link between the people and National Transformation.The main purpose of communication is to create awareness to the public. Communication is the live wire for growth and transformation. It does not only eradicate ignorance and apathy, it aids to create awareness about happenings in the society. Lack of communication can lead to a total breakdown of activities in a society. Communication brings about freedom of speech and ideas. It gives everyone the privilege to participate in the formation of public matters. It keeps one abreast about transformational agenda and widens ones wealth of knowledge Unegbu (2011).Nigerian government need to use communication to help socio-economic and political advancement of the country and this will assist to mobilize the people towards the attainment of National Transformation of the country. With the use of communication and language, the government will be able to reach out to her numerous audiences in her policies and programmes. The aim at improving the standard of living of the masses, raising their consciousness towards protection and the defense of the nation for national interest cannot be achieved without proper communication. . 0: RECOMMENDATION The following recommendations may serve in improving the role language and communication plays in National Transformation. 1. Effort should be doubled at the teaching and learning of language and communication to meet international standards. 2. Education policy makers should make language and communication a compulsory course for all disciplines at the high education level in Nigeria. This will assist every graduate (no matter his/her area of specialization) to acquire standard language and communication skills. . The teaching of language and communication should be more intensive. This implies that more hours should be allocated to language and communication class in our schools. 4. Teachers of language and communication should be trained and re-trained to enable them cope with the complexities involved in the teaching of the course. 5. 0: CONCLUSION Communication involves the use of language to pass information, transact, and exchange ideas and expressions of thought. This implies that, language is a fundamental symbol to communication.Language is not a natural instinct; it is acquired or learnt through the effective social stages like the family, peer-group and ethnic group. Man as a social and communicative animal must live, associate and interact with people in the society to ac hieve personal aspirations. All these is greatly enhanced and facilitated by effective communication. This paper has looked at language and communication in Nigerian environment as one of the ways of enhancing National Transformation. The point is that Nigeria as a country should develop language and communication to a level that every user can effectively and adequately handle it.This is in view of the fact that the Nigerians must be prepared for the challenges of international environment since transformation is not just something that is limited to within the boundaries of a given nation-state or country. The life of a nation will be short-circuited and meaningless without language and communication. Sustained communication is therefore made possible through language.

Financial Markets & Risks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Financial Markets & Risks - Essay Example Then we’ll make an assessment of the impact on the banking system if short-term interest rates were to rise. And at last let’s provide an explanation of the actions the ECB might take if the rumours of liquidity problems in other institutions prove to be correct. Over the last few years, the euro area has witnessed a gradual recovery in economic activity. The recovery started in the second half of 2003 and has now led to ongoing trend growth rates that seem to be close to our present estimates of the potential growth rate of the euro area economy. Several factors are behind the relatively gradual pace of this recovery, including oil price increases, the restructuring and reshaping of the productive sector triggered by global competition, and a possible decline in potential output growth. First, taking a longer-term perspective, there is some evidence that, underlying the moderate growth rates over the last few years, there may have been a decline in trend potential output growth in the euro area, particularly when comparisons are drawn with most of the 1980s and 1990s. The trend potential output growth rate seems to have moved closer to the lower bound of the previously estimated range of 2.0-2.5%. The sustained decline in euro area labour productivity growth has been identified as the main factor explaining lower potential output growth. Euro area labour productivity growth (measured per hour worked) was 2.4% in the euro area from 1981 to 1990. However, during the period 1996-2004, productivity fell to 1.3%. Decomposing trend labour productivity growth, in turn, shows that this decline reflects both lower growths in total factor productivity and less capital deepening. There is a wide consensus that the still significant structural rigidities in the euro area factor and product markets are likely to explain the lacklustre

A good ruler Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A good ruler - Essay Example Krishna derives his code of conduct from the ancient Hindu tradition of Varna Dharma, which was an extension of the caste-system followed in India. According to this system, members of each of the four castes have their own social roles to perform1. Striving to fulfill these roles without questioning them is considered a virtue. Arjuna, having born into the Kshatriya caste (the warriors and rulers) is expected to fight the righteous battle, even if his opponents are his own cousins and eventually one of them might be killed. The people across the battlefield, waiting to confront Arjuna2 with swords, arrows and spears are people like Bhishma and Dhronacharya3, the former being his uncle and the latter his teacher. Not only were they elderly and respectable individuals but were also related by blood. The other contenders were the hundred odd sons of King Dhritirashtra, Arjuna’s father’s own brother4. Indeed, the dilemma and confusion that set in Arjuna’s mind were understandable. It is at this juncture that Lord Krishna consoles Arjuna by extolling to him the virtues of performing one’s designated duties. The duty (dharma) for a warrior prince is to defend his side from enemies. If Arjuna did not carry out this noble calling of his caste, then he will neither achieve peace in this lifetime for his own warring cousins will bring about his death, nor will he attain peace in the afterlife due to the digression of not having performed his duty. As per the code of conduct prescribed by Varna Dharma, a Kshatriya (warrior) should not hesitate to kill his own brother if the latter is wrong. Arjuna, the warrior prince is impelled to decimate those forces that are devious and corrupt. In the war of Kurushetra, the devious and corrupt forces have assumed the form of his Kaurava cousin brothers and hence Arjuna should not express such sentimental notions which are unbecoming of his caste. When Arjuna doubts the very necessity of this war, Krishna

Why does Galen Strawson think free will is impossible Do you agree Why Essay

Why does Galen Strawson think free will is impossible Do you agree Why or why not - Essay Example Strawson defines freedom in terms of moral responsibility as the capability of being truly responsible for personal actions (Strawson, 16). Again, Strawson is of the persuasion that since feelings, beliefs, practices and attitudes affect man’s choices and actions, they inform the experience people have and being responsible. This affects the manner in which people make choices in light of rewards and punishment since rewards and punishment are forces and tokens of socialization and acculturization. In other words, rewards and punishment are ways by which a society expresses approval or disapproval on an act or a choice, or the consequences of the same. There are philosophers who have counter-argued Strawson’s standpoint on the dismissal and definition of freedom. These philosophers are categorical that Strawson fails to define the freedom that is in question and that Strawson fails to state whether the freedom is real, imagined or a property that almost all adult human persons [at least in the West] believe to possess. The crux of the matter herein is that to say that one does not understand what freedom really is, is to be bereft of the most basic understanding of the society that one belongs to and this claim is therefore untenable. Simply put, the charge is that freedom is something whose comprehension is easily grasped and that Strawson is therefore engaging in

Character analysis of Christian Darling in The Eighty-Yard Run short Essay

Character analysis of Christian Darling in The Eighty-Yard Run short story - Essay Example Darling marries Louise Tucker, his beautiful college girlfriend, and moves to New York. He works for his wealthy father-in-law, an ink manufacturer, who commits suicide after the Crash of 1929. Louise goes on to become a successful magazine editor. On the other hand, Darling is unable to find his way out of the changed circumstances of his life. He admits that he is a failure. The story is built round Darling’s and Louise’s contrasting attitudes towards life. Darling’s characterization is the main thread of the narrative and the action of the story revolves round it. â€Å"The Eighty-Yard Run† details how Darling’s personality ruins his marital relationship and leads to his acceptance of failure at the age of thirty-five. The characteristic trait of Darling’s personality is his immaturity and his refusal to adapt to new circumstances. Darling’s failure in life is due to his immaturity and resistance to change. Darling demonstrates a very immature attitude towards life. He is childishly pleased with his ‘eighty-yard run’ and imbues it with undue importance. He recalls â€Å"feeling wonderful,† ---â€Å"listening to the applause and shouts of the students along the sidelines† (Shaw, Year, 1-4). He basks in the congratulations, the fussing of the managers and the captain’s approving forecast: â€Å"Darling, youre going to go places in the next two years† (Shaw, Year, 2-1). He imagines his entry onto the field in the coming game against Illinois, confident that, when the spectators cheered, â€Å"part of that enormous salute would be for him† (Shaw, Year, 2-5). He is very smug about his run and boasts to Louise, â€Å"I got the coach in the palm of my hand† (Shaw, 3-2). His ‘eighty-yard run’ gives him a passing fame with the college crowd, and he is complacently aware of being â€Å"an important figure† on campus (Shaw , 3-9). As a matter of fact, Darling’s brilliant run occurs only at a practice session. It moves him from being a second

Retailing Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Retailing Final - Essay Example Efficient store operation of Aldi is a way to convey the best customer experience. This remarkably will give significant reputation for the entire store based on the ability of its customers to disseminate response about their experience. This what makes this competitive advantage sustainable and it is through this that customers are playing major role towards its great success in the future. Customers therefore are needed to be enhanced with high level of satisfaction and Aldi tries to get this by conveying the best customer experience through efficient store operations. This means that all aspects in the operation involving the issue of customer satisfaction are closely taken into account. On the other hand, the increasing network of limited assortment stores of Aldi is another important source of sustainable competitive advantage. In this way, there is a good chance to highly differentiate the products and services offerings of the company. In line with this, there is a great oppo rtunity to increase the demand for products offered by Aldi in the global setting. This is also a good opportunity for the company to increase its chance to maximize the resources available from other countries. For one thing, China and India are good places for business as they are known to have cheap labor. However, for Aldi, the context of expansion deals primarily with business environmental factors. Under politics, it is important to consider existing policies for international business in both China and India. The aftermath of economic downturn is also a significant factor to consider prior to the global expansion of Aldi. This is going to be a challenge for Aldi’s competitive advantage knowing that China and India are also affected with economic recession across the globe. Putting up a business after all requires thorough consideration of economic activities and other factors. The next factor that would become a challenge for Aldi’s potential global expansion is the political environment. Various policies in business are determined by political settings of a country. In reality, this really affects how an international company would perform and adjust its internal business operation. Finally, another important factor that may be a great challenge for Aldi in its expansion is under the social context. China and India are home to huge consumers that have different preferences, geographic orientation and all other related social concerns. In particular, this is going to be a challenge for Aldi since this is going to take more time and effort to understand. There is a need to develop more systematic approach to identify how many exactly of the consumers are willing to go for limited assortment items. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   List and discuss all important characteristics of the fast response model used by Zara. Discuss key barriers limiting the company’s ability to duplicate this business model overseas, especially in Asia.   Answer: Za ra is known for its fast response model. This is potentially a quite advantage for the company as far as the trend and buying behavior of consumers change over time. It is because of this that there is a need to list and discuss all important characteristics of the fast response model of Zara. The fast response model of Zara is determined based on its concept. The world is home to fast changing demand for designs, innovation and the like. Thus, there is a need to

Parent-Child Relationships in a Diverse Society Assignment

Parent-Child Relationships in a Diverse Society - Assignment Example Living with a single parent will influence the growth and behavior of the child as well as the parent-child relationship. In case of a single mother, the responsibility of supporting the child’s growing up needs can result in less time being spent with the child as she might have to work outside the home for longer hours as a result of which the mother might also have some degree of frustration and depression. In case of single fathers, they would have to manage work in order to spend time with the child. When the children begin to live with an independent parent the household chores and other styles of living can undergo a drastic change, and the child would have to adjust to the lifestyle change. Reduced parenting can result in the child being more aggressive, preoccupied, and depressive with a feeling of insecurity and in some cases violent behavior. When such a behavior is left uncorrected the child’s social behavior is also affected leading to an unhealthy lifestyl e (Separation and Divorce, n.d; Divorce Effects on Children, 2008). From the legal point of view, it can be a stressful time for both parents and children while negotiating the custody of the child and divorce settlements. In addition, coping to live with the society can also be a big challenge for all those involved in the divorce. The single status of the parents will most likely make them enter into a new relationship in want of stability. All this could result in lifestyle changes for both the parent and the child (Separation and Divorce, n.d). Thus it is the moral duty of the parent taking custody of the child to ensure that the child has a normal growing environment and the other parent should also show equal responsibility towards the growth of the

Experiences of divorced women versus divorced men Research Paper

Experiences of divorced women versus divorced men - Research Paper Example Because gender differences are constructed and reflected in daily interaction, the experience of marriage is quite different for men and women. The same is likely to be true of divorce.† (Amato, 2004, p.207) It then becomes interesting to look at how divorce affects the two genders. The following passages will argue that despite conventional notions about divorce being more traumatic for women than men, in reality both genders have an equally tough time of it, albeit in different areas. Firstly, statistics released by U.S. Census Bureau shows that while divorce rates hovered around the 2 percent mark during the 1980s, it has shot up to more than 15 percent currently. One should remember that this statistic excludes those people who remarried again. So, if divorce were to be counted even if the current marital status has changed, then a mind-boggling 60 percent of American adults have gone through this painful event in their lives. But since in advanced societies women tend to b e economically independent, they are better able to handle the period post divorce than women in the rest of the world. That women are able to handle the crisis is not to say that their standard of living does not fall. Statistics point out that the responsibility of rearing children can sap away financial resources of the woman, although the ones getting regular alimony stand a better chance of sailing through the crisis. Also, compared to recently divorced men, recently divorced women have less labor force experience, putting them at a disadvantage in availing of job opportunities. (Amato, 2004, p.207) Public support for divorced mothers are also limited, at best offering modest help for a short period of time. As a result of this condition, most divorced women think that the only sustainable solution to their problems is through remarriage, which they usually do within a few years of divorce. Of course, in the case of men, there is no noticeable decrease in their standards of liv ing post divorce. Social adjustment is another area where the genders fare differently. Social acceptance of divorce is gaining ground steadily and today there is less stigma attached to the idea of divorce. But at the same time, in the period following a divorce both men and women are experiencing decreased social support and companionship. This is particularly true if they have custody of children. It is also learnt that there are common problems faced by both divorced men and women: â€Å"Between employment, household management, and child care, single parents have little time left over for establishing and maintaining social networks. Also, divorced people often find that they have less in common with married friends. In addition, whereas married people can draw on the spouse's family for assistance and companionship, divorced individuals typically find that former in-laws withdraw over time. Furthermore, divorced people have a high level of residential mobility which tends to disrupt relationships with neighbors, friends, and community organizations. Overall, divorced and separated individuals report smaller social networks and less social support than do married individuals.† (Amato, 2004, p.208) There is also the important aspect of psychological adjustment post divorce. Divorce can be an emotionally upheaving event and can entail acute emotional distress. Older studies have shown that women are more psychologically affected compared to men,

Computer crime and forensic Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Computer crime and forensic - Term Paper Example The good that he has done is to open up the activities of NSA, as well as its partner in Britain, who violates the privacy of the two countries citizens through secret government surveillances (Ball, 2013). This can be considered good, since it elicits a dialogue on the suitability and the unsuitability of such activities. For this reason, he should be protected by the whistle blowing agency, for having divulged sensitive, but vital information regarding government agencies. However, Edward Snowden has already caused too much damage on the reputation of the government agencies, as well as placing sensitive and classified information that is only accessible by the security agencies in the public domain, thus making the security of the countries prone to many breaches (The Economic Times, 2013). For such reasons, he may have committed a big blunder, though the result is that, it has opened a public debate on the security agencies breaching of the privacy of private individuals and enti ties. Thus, instead of considering him as a criminal, he should be treated as a hero who worked towards risking his life, for the sake ensuring that the public is aware of the existing violations. Therefore, he should not be incriminated. References Ball, J. (October 25, 2013). Leaked memos reveal GCHQ efforts to keep mass surveillance secret. The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/oct/25/leaked-memos-gchq-mass-surveillance-secret-snowden Greenberg, A. (September 13, 2013). Intelligence Officials Admit That Edward Snowden's NSA Leaks Call For Reforms. Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2013/09/13/intelligence-officials-admit-that-edward-snowdens-leaks-call-for-reforms/ The Economic Times. (Oct 26, 2013). Edward Snowden's leaks most serious in US history: ex-CIA official. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-10-26/news/43415706_1_intelligence-community-edward-snowden-intelligence-agencies Question 2 Mobile Threats This is a major threat to e very individual and even a threat personally, since it entails the installation of a malware on an individual’s mobile phone by criminals, who are able to manipulate the a malware program to be able to purchase items from the app store, without the permission of the mobile devise owner (McAfee report, 2012). The danger associated with this type of threat is that; it can drain the wallet accounts created by individuals for the purpose of online purchase of items from the app stores, since it can easily be installed on the mobile devices of such individuals, whenever they connect to the purchase sites. Malware This is another threat to the privacy and data accessibility of individuals, through the installation of malfunctioning software that blocks the operating system from being able to access data, thus blocking the accessibility of the data purchased, until the owner of the computer system pays some ransom. This type of software is called the ransomware (McAfee report, 2012) . This threat poses a danger to all of us, as well as to self, since it can be done to anyone’s computer. Big-Scale Attacks This is considered a big threat to all of us, since it is a malicious attack not specifically targeted at financial gain, but for the purposes of causing as much damage as possible to the computer systems. The most worrying aspect is that, the threat targets company systems, which will in turn put the performance

Autobiography of a Classroom Essay Example for Free

Autobiography of a Classroom Essay I am a very big classroom in a well-known public school. I cater to needs of the kindergarten class of the school, accommodating I think about eighty five children, a big number isn’t it? I understand that I am the best looking room in the school as, the very small children study here. I am very attractively decorated so that the little ones like to come here every day. The room that is me – is decorated with beautiful coloured pictures. The walls are a blend of some colours I do not know the names of. The furniture that is placed in the length and breadth of the room consists of small round tables to seat four children on each table, and the chairs are also tiny. That is not all, all the furniture is a mixture of many colours. When the children come inside the class they almost fight to sit on certain chairs. That makes me understand that they like the colours and fight for their favourite colours to sit on. At the top two ends of the length of the classroom there are two bigger tables and full size chairs for the teachers to sit. Since there are so many children there are two teachers while in other classes there is only one each. I am a treat for everyone to see. My pleasure knows no bounds when everyone who comes inside the class, admires me, appreciates my get up and the colours that don me. I have the twin advantage of being the most beautiful room in the school and also having the cutest of children coming to spend their time with me. Thus, my life is full of beauty, colour, noise and laughter and at times of course also crying and howling of the children. At times some new entrants to the school come to me with their mothers and, cry as if they had come to the slaughter house to be butchered. At such moments even by heart cries for the little ones and I wonder why man makes these little children come to study if they do not want to. I of course do not know how important studies are for human children, I only feel sad seeing the children cry. My life is full of a very busy schedule though very interesting. The routine of my daily life is so busy that, I do not get any relief for quite long hours. In the morning as early as 6 a. m. wo sweepers come open the lock of my room or rather me, and off they start working on me. They sweep my floor, squab it, dust each and every piece of the furniture in me. Thus, I get alerted as soon the room is unlocked. It is not even 8 a. m. when the little brats start pouring inside my body’s doors. At times they enter with so much noise that my whole body feels the rattle of it all. Their movements are so loud that now, I cannot even think of any rest. School bags get flung, tiffin boxes are strewn all about, water bottles are kept just anywhere and there is a lot of commotion all over. Soon the maid enters the room and keeps everything in order and my appearance at once improves and I look tidy and well kept. For these small ones the school hours are just three from, 8 a. m. to 11 a. m. These three hours is my duty time, and just is the time when I also get the day’s entertainment. Being a classroom for the Kindergarten children I get a great chance of hearing conversations between the teachers and the parents. Since this is the first time their children have entered school, parents devote a lot of time to talking about the school and its standards. At times I find that some parents are just too critical and, inspite of getting all the best in this school they always seem to be unhappy and dissatisfied with something or the other in the school. Such parents keep lecturing about things missing in the classroom, the school or even in the playground. When I hear such complaints, my heart sinks and I wonder if they will allow or not allow their children to come to me any more,. For such conversations I have understood that, these days parents pamper the children too much, and it seems that they can never yes, never be satisfied. I am quite surprised to see the vast difference in opinions. While on the one hand I, and also many parents think that I am very beautiful, well kept, and decorated, others of the same clan are always complaining of many defects in my appearance. This gives me a feeling of depression and I do wonder if I can do anything in the matter. After some thinking bouts, I realize that, I can do nothing to satisfy these unhappy parents. I am just here in the hands of the school authorities and stand here as and how they keep me. My working hours are just six, from 6 a. m. when sweepers enter to say 12 noon when I am locked after all children go. After my duty hours I just relax but also feel lonely. No matter what is said about me, I am thoroughly enjoying my life in the cute company of little children. Their company makes me also feel young though now I am quite old. Every summer vacation I am painted afresh, my furniture is painted, and, I am ready to welcome my little friends, new and old with a new look, new enthusiasm and renewed vigour. I pray that my life is forever allowed to remain so interesting and so relaxed. I just love all the children and teachers who come here to me, to work and play in the restricted area within my four walls.

Riordan Process Improvement Plan Essay Example for Free

Riordan Process Improvement Plan Essay Time is always moving forward making it difficult to execute daily processes slowly. Travelling is a daily process that takes much time and resources. Time spent on travelling can be known as waste time as the main goal is to transport from point A to point B without analyzing or performing actions on other tasks. Multitasking is not advisable meaning a high focus should be on the road and other road users plus it is illegal. The process if done as quickly as possible can reduce the cycle time leaving extra time for more profitable processes. The activity to drive from home to office is graphically shown below in the form of a flowchart. Currently time taken to execute the activity is not efficient. Certain processes are occupying heavier proportion from the total cycle time. A process improvement plan is drawn not only to analyze and reduce current time but also not forgetting to achieve a safe trip. Statistical Process Control Data below tabulates five weeks of travelling time from home to office. The next step is to deduce whether the data is efficient by running a test. Statistical process control (SPC) tests random samples from processes to determine the productivity is perfectly efficient (Chase, Jacobs Aquilano, 2006). The test graphically depicts the upper control limit (UCL) and lower control limit (LCL) of each the average mean and average range graphs. Average of time taken and range from each week in combination with the range and average factors are requirements to calculate both limits. Graphs with the limits first, plot the weekly average mean and average range. Observation is made from the graphs to decide on whether or not all sample data is within the control limits. The sample data that either is higher than the UCL or lower than the LCL will be the overuse time. Value of data is not only under observation but also the pattern of the chart is also under monitoring. The pattern of a stable chart is sample data closely plotting around the mean data. Patterns that exhibit an increase toward the UCL or decrease toward the LCL or erratic behavior must undergo investigations (Chase et al., 2006). The both chart depicts that the average of total time and range is within the UCL and LCL. The observation only concludes that the current data is allowable but not perfectly efficient. The pattern of the data in the average mean chart depicts a run of three plots above central line. The practice to avoid the first week’s traffic congestion is to leave from home reaching office exactly at 9.00 a.m. The second and third week changes practice as work is piling up and requires more setup time. The pattern of the data in R chart depicts an increase. The final plot reaches a range nearly to the UCL. The reason is the zero value recording of total cycle time on Monday. Seasonal Factors The data above is in normal tabulation manner meaning no trips involving external variables or environmental factors intervention is taken into consideration. External variables present itself in seasonal or cyclic durations. The latter is easily taken into consideration as the operation time is constant but the former makes it harder to analyze any given length of duration. Seasonal usually associates with duration of the year involving particular activities (Chase et al., 2006). The trip from home to office is  under different seasonal influences. The fasting period of the Muslims is a major influence in the trip. Traffic is much lighter not only for the trip to the office but also from the office especially on the weekends.. Vehicles on the main route and highway are less reducing driving time. The drive is much smoother requiring less petrol eliminating the duration to drive to the petrol station and fill petrol. Holiday’s season is another major influence in the trip. Academic institutes such as schools, colleges and universities are undergoing final examination. Institutes deem holidays reducing the morning. Vehicles belonging to school bus drivers, college or university students and instructors reduce allowing working adults to use the routes and highway freely. The current assumptions are made relying on past personal experience of the last five years. Finally observation relying on past personal experiences has shown that in the initial week traffic is at the highest at peak hours but reduces by the end of the month. Employees tend to stay late at office at the final week of the month mostly because of the need to complete monthly closing reports. Amount of cars reduces as the weeks run in a monthly cycle. Total cycle time needs to be as less and independent as possible. Cycle time that easily reacts under any influences will make decisions harder to conclude as observations are not consistent. Seasonal factor is the adjustable correctional value in a given time series of the season of the year. The table below records the seasonal factor that adjusts the next month’s cycle time to 300 minutes comparing to the current 347.14 minutes. Confidence Intervals Confidence intervals are brackets that the true population occur base on the confidence levels (NIST SEMATECH, n.d., para. 2). 95% is set as the confidence level for the above data. The sample size is below 15 and the chart below depicts the distribution of average mean for the five weeks being normal (University of Phoenix, 2010, Estimation and Confidence Intervals, p. 305). The distribution scale put to use is the t-distribution satisfying the above conditions. The interval that encloses the true population parameter in a 95% confidence level base on the current data is from 61.98% to 79.57%. Conclusion The process undergoing the plan records a nearly stable result from the (SPC) within the control limits, producing seasonal factors for next month forecast and nearly a high confidence interval for its confidence level. The process is still open for modifications as the plan has point out areas for improvements. The SPC pattern’s requires the data to be graphically stable, the average mean are not to be heavily leaning against the seasonal factors and the confidence interval must increase so that the quickest cycle time is achievable. References Chase, R. B., Jacobs, F. R., Aquilano, N. J. (2006). Operations management for competitive advantage (11th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin. NIST SEMATECH (n.d.). What are Confidence Intervals? Product and Process Comparisons. Retrieved from http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/prc/section1/prc14.htm University of Phoenix. (2010). Statistical Techniques. Retrieved August 21, 2010 from University of Phoenix, QNT 561 – Applied Business Research Statistics

Introduction to the Id and the Superego

Introduction to the Id and the Superego The topic of discussion today was Understanding Our Own Defences. Since the lesson, I have been researching this subject and learned that it was Sigmund Freud (1856 1939) who first began to write about the mechanisms our brain uses to stop us from feeling anxiety, guilt or hurt. Freud believed that our psyche, which is not our physical brain, more our personality and the way we behave, is split into three. He called these parts the Id, the Ego and the Super Ego. He thought that the id was submerged out of sight in our subconscious, whereas the ego and super ego were in our consciousness. The id is the primitive and instinctive part of our personality that contains sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories, the super-ego operates as a moral conscience, and the ego is the realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the super-ego. According to the theory, we are born with only the id part of our personality, and we go on to develop the ego and super ego at aro und 3 to 5 years of age. The Id, however, remains a personality trait throughout our life, one of its traits is that it demands immediate attention. Freud stated that the ego is That part of the id which has been modified by the direct influence of the external world. It develops as a sort of negotiator between the id and the external world, however, as Freud himself observed, it developed as a mechanism to postpone satisfaction and to help the individual fit into societies expectations of them. The ego concerns itself with a more rational, problem-solving state of mind and will try to re-think solutions until the problem is solved. Freud made the analogy of the id being a horse while the ego is the rider. The ego is like a man on horseback, who has to hold in check the superior strength of the horse. The main purpose of the superego is to control the impulses of the id, especially those which society forbids such as aggression or sex. It acts as a sort of moral compass for the ego, striving for perfection rather than simple realistic outcomes and consists of two components, the conscience and the ideal self. It is driven by unconscious values learned from parents and society, and because perfection is the goal, falling short can lead us to feelings of shame or guilt, so, in order to deal with these feelings, Freud declared that the ego employs a range of defence mechanisms. These defence mechanisms operate at an unconscious level and help ward off unpleasant feelings such as anxiety or guilt which may have arisen because we felt threatened, or because our id or superego became too demanding. Freud identified seven defence mechanisms, but there are much more. Repression: pushing away a thought or a feeling, saying to yourself lets forget about it, Many things can be an object of repression such as painful memories of forbidden desires. Although, sometimes our true feelings can leak out in what is known as a Freudian slip, like the man who was introduced to a colleague who had got the big promotion he had applied for. His opening remark was Hello I am David, pleased to beat you Denial: Refusing to accept that something exists or happened. This can be a mechanism that is seen when someone refuses to accept the death of a loved one. Or making excuses for continuing unhealthy behaviour such as smoking, with phrases such as my granny smoked forty a day and lived until she was one hundred and two. Projection: This involves individuals attributing their own thoughts, feelings and motives to another person. Thoughts most commonly projected onto another are ones that would cause guilt such as aggressive and sexual fantasies or thoughts. For instance, you might hate someone, but your superego tells you that such hatred is unacceptable. You can solve the problem by believing that they hate you. Rationalisation: Creating an acceptable but incorrect explanation of a situation, for example, the man caught stealing computers from the warehouse he works at Its not stealing, my company sells millions of computers for big profit, they wont miss the two that I have taken. Intellectualisation: Thinking about something logically without any attached emotion, for example, Counsellor: Well Jane, your husband has left you, and you have been made redundant, how does that feel? Janes response: I now have a lot more time on my hands, I can get on with the gardening and catch up on some odd jobs around the house, as for my job I did not like it much anyway. Reaction formation: Doing the opposite of what you would really like to do, being over-nice to someone you dislike is a good example of this. The best example is the person who mutters through gritted teeth No, I am not angry. Regression: Acting in the way a child might if they did not get their own way. Foot stamping, speaking in a whiney voice or storming off are good examples of this. As we can see above, defence mechanisms are protective, coping, strategies adopted by the brain to shield us from painful feelings. The brain has said to itself Im too afraid to feel this so Im going to make something up that I wont be so afraid of. As a counsellor, our job is to attempt to get through these defences to the core issue that is troubling the client and to provide the support the client needs to initiate a change within themselves. This may take some time as the client may not initially trust or feel comfortable with us. They may feel frightened or embarrassed to show their true feelings. The Oxford English Dictionary defines trust as a firm belief in the reliability, truth, ability, or strength of someone or something. Carl Rogers said, a good counsellor will have some sense of how to match the pace of counselling sessions to the needs of their clients. So, in summary, when a client first comes to us, they will probably demonstrate some of the defences written about above, we will then carefully use our counselling skills to build a rapport and try to make the client feel comfortable enough to start to discuss why they feel the need to seek counselling.  

Silicon Valley Bancshares :: essays research papers

Silicon Valley Bancshares (SIVB) NASDAQ   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Silicon Valley Bancshares is helping to fund the high-tech revolution. The Santa Clara, California firmly established parent of Silicon Valley Bank, which essentially serves companies in the high-tech and entertainment industries. This bank provides lines of credit, cash management, factoring, and foreign exchange services through 17 offices throughout California and other high growth areas. The bank specializes in offering startup scratch (in the form of short-term loans, and lines of credit) to nascent Net nabobs waiting for their venture capital to come through. In exchange, startup clients are counted upon to deposit venture funds in Silicon Valley Bank accounts. As a part of its lending, the bank also pursues warrants to buy equity stakes in its clients. Silicon Valley Bancshares' key competitors are Bank One, Bank of America, Bank of West Comerica, FleetBoston, Imperial Bancorp, Mitsubishi Trust and Banking U.S., Bancorp, and Wells Fargo. These are some of S ilicon Valley Bancshares targeted industries; communications, online services, computers, emerging technologies, life sciences, semiconductors, software, venture capital, entertainment, premium wineries, and real estate. The Silicon Valley Bank brought into existence by Roger Smith in 1983, which provided bank services to tech startups in San Jose. The bank grew along with tech companies, and was a main lender to Cisco Systems. Silicon Valley was introduced to Boston's technology companies in 1990, and was also being used Oregon and Washington. The bank has also expanded to residential and commercial real estate lending. The recession of 1989-1991 found Silicon Valley Bancshares with an overextended loan portfolio, and in 1992 the bank booked a loss due to non-performing loans. In 1993, Silicon Valley Bancshares was put under Federal Supervision.

Prison Studies Considered Essay -- Essays Papers

Prison Studies Considered In "Prison Studies" Malcolm X briefly details how, during his incarceration, he embarked on a process of self-education that forever changed him and the course of his life. Malcolm writes of his determination to learn to read and write, born out of his envy and emulation of Bimbi, a fellow prisoner. His innate curiosity, sense of pride, and ambition to learn and be someone of substance motivated him to study relentlessly. As he learned more about the world he developed a great thirst for knowledge that left him with a lifelong desire that only his continued studies could satisfy. He believed that prison offered him the best possible situation in which to educate himself. This idea of Malcolm's, that prison was the best situation in which to educate himself bears some examination. He dismisses the idea of going to college as being inferior to the education he received in prison. He speculates that college is perhaps filled with too many distractions (both ideas are found in the last paragraph of his essay, 19). While Malcolm states his argument in a way that is simple, direct and compelling, it is not an argument that is appropriate for every potential student. One would do well to consider Malcolm X's particular circumstances and his intended audience. As far as his education in prison being superior to one he would receive in college, one should consider why he would think in this way. It is obvious that his education would have put him at about the junior high school level. For a man of his age and race and resources, at the time in which he lived, there were probably very few options available for remedial education. It is remarkable and admirable that Malcolm was invested with the intelligenc... ... distractions. There are, however, a number of disadvantages to prison studies beside the obvious threats to life and limb. The requirements of colleges are intended for a greater purpose than to extract the maximum amount of time and money from the hapless student. The requirements of higher education are intended to provide a wide-ranging and well-balanced view of the world and our place in it. A complete education is intended to provide us with the tools to understand and interpret what we study. A balanced education teaches us the hard-learned lessons of history, the logical methodology of mathematics and philosophy, the transcendent vision of the poet and the artists and the skeptical review of the scientist. While I have great respect, admiration and even affection for Malcolm X, I suspect that even this great man would have benefited from a formal education.

The History of KKK Essay -- Ku Klux Klan American History Papers

The History of KKK Ku Klux Klan is a designation mainly given to two distinct secret societies that played a part in American history, although other less important groups have also used the name. The first Ku Klux Klan was an organization that thrived in the South during the Reconstruction period following the Civil War. The second was a nationwide organization that flourished after World War I. The original Klan - Six college students founded the Ku Klux Klan between December 1865 and the summer of 1866 in the town of Pulaski, Tennessee. Former Confederate officers, the six young men organized as a social club or fraternity and spent their time in horseplay of various types, including wearing disguises and galloping about town after dark. They were surprised to learn that their nightly appearances were causing fear, particularly among former slaves in the area. They quickly took advantage of this effect and the group began a rapid expansion. Various factions formed in different towns, which led to a meeting in April 1867 to codify rules and organizational structure. At this meeting, former Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest was elected Grand Wizard, or supreme leader, of all the Klan. The organization was divided into a number of realms, dominions, provinces and dens, which were in turn led by Grand Dragons, Titans, Giants and Cyclopes. Nathan Bedford Forrest The policies of Reconstruction (aiming to extend the rights of Southern blacks) had the unintended effect of pushing hundreds of resentful and anxious veterans into the Klan, which soon began instituting a systematic policy of violence in opposition... ...tion of everyone but themselves but they have put a lot towards making todays world a racist place. They have mentally disturbed peoples lives and terrorized villages by burning down their churches. Although the modern Ku Klux Klan, or KKK, is not the same group that terrorized African - Americans in the late 1800s and early 1900s, they still have the same basic goals and ideas. There are many local and regional KKK groups such as the Oregon Knights of the Ku Klux Klan and the New Order Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan is the national and largest organization, but the only one seeking a political agenda. They are the group that claims they are keeping alive the spirit and ideas of the original Klansmen but there are only a few thousand left as we think but it’s a very secret society.

Dbq Reconstruction After Civil War, Political and Social Essay

As the American Civil War came to a bloody end with the northern side conquering, it was evident the newly reunited Unites States was in ruins economically, as well as socially and politically. Beginning in 1865, this initiated the beginning of the Reconstruction era with the purpose of rebuilding and reestablishing America. Among the American people were the newly freed African Americans whom who were dumped into society frequently destitute, unaided, and unknowing. Although the north had won and blacks were given freedom, they still had fight to exercise their newly given rights. While Reconstruction was meant to recreate, reform, and restore America into a successful, united country while integrating recently liberated African Americans into society, the establishment of political and social change to equalize blacks unfortunately did not come about until after the demise of the nineteenth century. Although finally given constitutional rights, civil liberties and privileges in addition to legally being regarded as a citizen of the United States, African Americans still had to struggle for their acceptance and entitlement in political American. Anti-black violence customarily was used to scare and prohibit blacks to play a part in politics. Although legally given the right to vote (Document C) as well as having Enforcement Acts passed protecting the politics of African Americans and more fiercely prohibiting extremist groups and acting racists, blacks were still hesitant in exercising this liberty. Southerners, Democrats and other opposing individuals thought that through brutality and intolerance, they could keep their political power while possibly eliminating the Republican Party, their adversary faction. One extremist organization that originated on ideas including white supremacy and white nationalism was the KKK, formally known as the Ku Klux Klan. Through violent acts and terrorism, this hate group showed their opposition on non-white individuals, although primarily recently liberated African Americans. Other forces acting against blacks were the Jim Crow Laws, although generally enforced in the southern states, which outlawed blacks from putting their recently obtained rights and liberties into practice (Document H). In addition to these laws, regulations, dubbed Black Codes, were passed by the South for the sole purpose of limiting the freedom of former slaves. Although legalized as citizens and given the civil and constitutional rights, liberties and privileges as any other civilian (Document B), African Americans still had to fight to utilize and employ them. The Reconstruction era was intended to bring about political changes to society for the benefit of integrating African Americans, alas, Reconstruction would pass before favorable changes were achieved.

Promoting Health Internationally Essay

growing countries be beset with wellness crises to a greater extent than their more than than actual counterparts. The lack of resources and the presence of numerous demanding unavoidably causes the insufficient allocation of such resources for the addressing of wellness sequels. In other countries, thither is b arly no technology to take the demand bring rounds for the bigger diseases besetting their populations. Whereas in more genuine countries with greater storehouse of resources there is a greater capacity to address health fusss, specially with a more positive technological platform to work from. non unaccompanied this, but ontogenesis countries shake up a marked wane in addressing sanitation concerns and so making for environments more pr sensation to diseases caused by bacteria, worms, and viruses.1 With more healthful living conditions, this is non the ob lookd parapraxis in maturation countries. Thus, a confederacy of non-hygienic conditions an d low access code to healthcare creates atmospheres for developing nations making them more prone to experiencing desolate health problems.The first concern take ining health problems in developing countries is the possibility of a disease to develop which is easily contractable from person to person. The fear of infectious diseases, particularly the fear of such diseases causing a pandemic, has had significant impact on the port in which the spherical conjunction addresses spherical health problems. international agencies shake move up up with surveillance systems to enable part countries to report incidents of infectious diseases and to better agree non- change nations against contamination.2 The mechanism of report requires member nations to delineate the nature and extent of infection of the disease. This is not particularly attractive to infected nations as the reporting of diseases would adversely affect the delivery of the s maintenance rural area. With a fear of infection, remote investors would dishonor their rates of importation. This would serve to lower the economic growth of the s sanction country. non save this, but tourists would be terrific of visiting said foreign country and income from such investments would as well as decline. The stigma against the affected country would translate to a decline in the status of their scrimping. It is in this regard that health issues of item-by-item nations affect the global view on health. The slightest change in the ability of individual countries to provide staple fibre resources or to contribute to the global economy would affect all other countries as a result of global interconnectedness.3 The dependence of nations, one to the other, cannot sustain the devolution of product of goods in any one nation. Apart from moral responsibilities, this is the weightiest argument to a global eyeshot on health promotion. The global market favors the ensuring of wealthier nations that less sufficient nations will be able to introduce fully in the global slyness of goods. What is not considered in this model are non-infectious diseases plaguing the developing countries around the globe. There is poor incentive for global agencies to address such problems since there is no showing that the corresponding would affect citizens of foreign nations. Although the argument for providing aid for the same due to global business considerations still stands, there is pocket-sized to no initiative from private medicine companies. The primary repoint of such companies being profit, they are not drawn by the ejaculate for lower prices ask in developing countries.Thus, the trend remains for drug companies to produce drugs and cures that will react the needs of genuine countries whom they can charge higher prices for the products and operate they offer. Diseases plaguing needy nations such as malaria, AIDS, terabit and the like are given little attention although they may present greater threats than hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. This is an unfortunate as developed nations should take it upon themselves to promote health in developing nations as well.The world(prenominal) community would benefit to a greater extent with the improvement of all fixings nations. The nations in the international community should not only consider giving aid to developing nations when the diseases may spread into their make localities but level(p) so when the diseases may be contained home(prenominal) helpally. The engage then should not be for global regulation of domestic plagues but it should be for international interest in holistic global health. Although drug companies refuse to focus on respondent the needs of the major diseases in impoverished nations this is not to say that no organised action is being undertaken for the same. Certainly there are individuals and groups who recognize the importance of promoting health on a global scale.T he realness Health Organization, for example has collaborated with large pharmaceutic companies in order to bring drugs for the cure of prevalent diseases into levels of access for developing nations.4 The proposed fancy is to decrease drug prices for developing nations, if the bare(a) delivery of the same is not probable, by increasing prices in affluent countries. much(prenominal) a scheme would permit the grant of drugs by developed countries. There would thus be an equitable division of required resources in order to gain access of available cures in the market.There has also been an observed trend in scientific laboratories. Scientists capable of performing research investigating cures for diseases of poverty have sh feature greater purpose for the same. Funding may be an issue in the matter however, more and more charities are focusing on the aim of global health and even domestic governments are supporting the bid for purpose cures for large health issues.Not only thi s, but movements have been make to have pharmaceutical companies share the process of production if the matter of marketing drugs at a no-profit price is not possible. Local governments or corporations could then work on producing their own drugs using the process and information overlap by foreign corporations. These matters are shortly being pushed by advocates worldwide.However, the international community still has much ground to cover. The problem of international health is still a major issue receiving small antecedency in the global scale. The problem of politicking and bureaucratism hinders advances that could be make in this field. Thus, in order to more competently answer the problem, local policies should first be reshaped and made to realize the importance of health in the governmental platform. Furthermore, local governments should not ricochet themselves to addressing only their own separate needs. Garrett aptly captures the issueTactically, all aspects of preventi on and preaching should be part of an integrated effort, outline from countries finite pools of health talent to guarantee all monsters at once, rather than dueling by the piece with individual dragons. 5Given confine resources, in the international sense as well as in the domestic, the pooling of these same resources is the best solution to the problem of both(prenominal) global and local health. The vision of individual nations should be enhanced to not only address their own problems but they should chicken feed to realize the relevance in spend in a global perspective in answering health issues. Certainly, with a view of the same, advances will be made not only for short consideration goals of fending off singular diseases in trustworthy nations but more so the bulky term goal of eradicating debilitating diseases that could potentially reappear in similar conditions or in evolved forms.The answer then is to go under internationally for the problem of global health as the strengthening of individual platforms in individual nations will address the seed issue of recurring conditions. This will serve not only to strengthen the global health system but even other sectors of concern such as trade and global relations as more and more countries invest in programs reflecting amity and gratuity.BIBILIOGRAPHYCheck, Erika,Quest for the Cure, foreign Policy, (2006) 28-36.Garrett, Laurie, The argufy of Global Health, hostile Affairs 86(1), (2007) 14-38.Naim, Moises and Brundtland, Gro Harlem, The FP consultation The Global War for Public Health, Foreign Policy 128, (2002) 24-36.Osterholm, Michael T., Unprepared for a Pandemic, Foreign Affairs 86(2), (2007) 47-57.Zacher, Mark W., Global epidemiologic Surveillance, in Inge Kaw, Isabelle Grunberg, and Marc A. Stern, Global Public Goods International Cooperation in the 21st Century (eds.), (1999), NY UNAP.

Coke Zero Essay

Coke Zero is the latest new product in the marketplace for hot coke and it appears that it is a success since it is.Coke Zero old has the word â€Å"zero† in it which already musical sounds a lot better than â€Å"Diet Coke† or â€Å"Diet metallurgical Coke Plus†. â€Å"Coke Zero† is straight to the point logical and automatically has the potential customer wishful thinking he (or she) free will not be consuming any calories.2. Why do you think that the hidden-camera educational videos used to promote Coke Zero were an effective way to reach based its target market? Do you many think a similar strategy with a viral marketing political campaign on the Internet would appeal to the main target market for Diet metallurgical Coke Plus?I think the hidden cameras were a good idea, but not completely original.Its something which a larger whole lot of soda drinkers good will be sad to go, logical and some of them are currently freaking worn out about it.Coke No Sugar, because the title implies, what does not include any sugar.

Diet cold sodas arent neutral since they just have photographic negative side effects and they provide no nutrition in return.Coke earns better economic gains than Pepsi due to the international marketing and promotion strategies.Faced with domestic market share, Coke began a collection of new its own internal flavor tests.Coke is among the brands deeds that are worldwide that are clinical most effective.

The customer perception couldnt alter logical and also make it few more appealing for men.Utilizing Demographic segmentation empty can truly help make or complete break a item.The item was targeted to many women who should get rid of weight logical and are worried about health logical and nourishment that is sex segmentation.The important distinction is the way they taste, due to the recipes.

Eyewitness Testimony Essay

The pitiful rightness placements in Australia and passim the uni rhythm of discourse entrust on demonstration to charge souls umbr come onous of a aversion. Previously, bend investigators relied upon encounter themes for their investigations though mental look visual aspects that eye detect profess is non incessantly completed and should non be utilise in the abomin up to(p) legal expert arrangement as a restore speckle of inference (Sangero & Halpert, 2007). legion(predicate) investigate written document and articles gather in cauti whizd the utilise of witness at tasteation cod to numerous incidents completely basing their verdict from this read. In weaklyheaded of deoxyribonucleic acid rise, existencey a(prenominal) labeled of a reprehensible rudeness bring on been assoil of their times. The uptake of credit discharges bring in numerous themes clarifies why witness attestation arsehole be in dead on object and un un deviating. Experiments do end-to-end the eld exam witness accounts flip everywhere into dis gather caseors associating essence characteristics, witness characteristics and print characteristics and how they chair to the convalescence of breeding from an witness.These cyphers get through as to why witness testimonial should non be use merely as severalize in the roughshod rightness dodging push alternatively an some early(a)(prenominal) function in depicting the soulfulness of worry in a evil investigation. In 1992 a non for pelf cheek was create to attend those labeled and sentenced to a curse they did non commit. The innocence discombobulate was organize by Barry C. Scheck and dickhead J. Neufeld in sleeper with Cardozo nurture of fair play at yeshiva University to alleviate realise those tack hangdog via desoxyribonucleic acid test ( asa dulcis N. Cardozo discipline of faithfulness at yeshiva University, 1997). match to The artlessness suggest, 75% of witness good word which were utilize to bunko game pretend twists in the join States of the States was inconclusive in light of desoxyribonucleic acid interrogatory. In i much than(prenominal) baptistry in new Zealand, a military somebodynel named David Dougherty was open up blameworthy of enthrall and abduction of a runty fille who pleaded against him in the inbred law royal court of law as creation the man that attack her (Cleave & Gower, 2012).Mr Dougherty was pronounce of the 1992 featherbed in 1997 delinquent to the fact that undecomposeds finally think that on that point was light desoxyribonucleic acid bear witness to splay beyond a motionthat he was the culprit (Fairfax NZ News, 2009). Although deoxyribonucleic acid inference clean Mr Dougherty of the crime, numerous believed he was the perpetrator pay equal to(p) to the witness affirmation, and in force(p) opinions were blurry delinquent to the furtherance of this case. It was altogether until an oversea expert testified in save of Mr Dougherty that he was judge (Fairfax NZ News, 2009). This case turn outs the fallacys make by the victim/ witness and how real she was of the mirthful and The artlessness Project has resurrectd that witness recommendation is a great deal senseless. It has been astray au thereforeticated through unwrap the decades that assumed credits were manifold in the mass of cases examined by mental look intoers (Penrod, 2005). look into has suggested that during a guard investigation, witnesses would some seasons be way out to thought process to a greater extent than matchless line-up to uphold tell a comical (Palmer, brewer, & Weber, 2010). early(a) look into has cited that much(prenominal)(prenominal) aftermaths of potential fishys should theoretically purify the the true of the witness choosing the wrongdoer (Penrod, 2005). roughly new-fangled enquiry has instal that three-fold line-ups stub bollix up later(prenominal) naming verity t thence conclude that the more line-ups an witness goes through, the more populate for hallucination in choosing the sphere in dubiousness (Palmer, Brewer, & Weber, 2010). This force field cogitate on post-identification feedback and detached their take up into cardinal chief(prenominal) argonas corroboratory feedback and negative feedback to chink whether these would belief how the witness give remain with later(prenominal) line-ups. accord to Palmer, Brewer and Weber, just witnesses who get feedback after an sign comprise rejection realizeed at a aim comparable with a single- add-in dictation group, suggesting that an initial identification test arse impair, that non enhance, functioning on a assist test involving the similar culprit (Palmer, Brewer, & Weber, 2010).It is suggested at heart this look into that felon investigations invalidate victimization quadruple line-ups to tick off that more transp arnt psyches of enkindle ar not convicted repayable to ill-judged witness true statement. In gain to this look into it has too been gear up that witness errors step-up when persons of rice beer ar chosen out of a exposuregraph boasting instead than an existent wit(Lindsay & s comfortably, alter witness acknowledgments From bill of fargons synchronous Versus accompanying posting Presentation, 1985). These errors be believed to take hold something to do with the person administrating the lineups or picture arrays (Wells, Rydell, & Seelau, 1993) in that locationof manipulating the witness choices in learning a funny at bottom a lineup and subsequent lineups (Phillips, McAuliff, Kovera, & Cutler, 1999) as antecedently order. This error is resolve soft by appointing somebody to administer lineups or photo arrays that do not admit who the comical whitethorn be (Wells & Bradfeild, 1998).Furt hermore, seek has put that the lasting the time legal separation surrounded by the emergence and witness account, the potential it is that the witness account entrust be infatuated (Loftus, Miller, & Burns, 1978). separate broker relating to caseful characteristics is that of exceed. many an(prenominal) studies arrest sh witness that length amidst the eyewitness and the rank ( laughable) leave behind countenance an blow on computer storage telephone and nervus nervus nervus s solutionh cranial nerveisis nerveis identification (Lindsay, Semmler, Weber, Brewer, & Lindsay, 2008). In one much(prenominal)(prenominal) experiment, it was conclude that eyewitness cite deteriorated as the remoteness amongst them and the alonetocks change magnitude (Wagenaar & train der Schrier, 1996). In virtually eyewitness proof, it is up to the eyewitness to riposte the hold amongst them and the sign. Previously, the courts relied upon the 15 bill rule the best viewing distance for an eyewitness (Wagenaar & cutting edge der Schrier, 1996).Lindsay et al. (2008) suggested to the courts that instead than relying on the 15 molarity rule, in general, identifications lead subside with an improver in distance hence it is up to the courts to decide whether the eyewitness accounts atomic number 18 probable or not. witness characteristics likewise work out in to the password of how honest eyewitness deposition is in the felonious judge placement. concord to a query content by Wells & Olsen (2003), sex has genuinely itsy-bitsy to do with how well up females finish to males in name of eyewitness identification, although twain genders resist in how they view the event/scene. The age of a witness has a major(ip) touch on on eyewitness identification as children and the olden were set in motion to perform gravely in semblance to two-year-old adults when experiments were conducted (Wells & Olson, 2003). separate compute include into the eyewitness characteristics is that of speed. It has been soundly investigated and think that pack are better(p) at identifying facial features of their protest race than those of former(a) races (Meissner & Brigham, 2001).This entropy is utile for those areasin which are culturally the comparable moreover for multicultural locations, namely Australia it would consider midget import the recommendation could not be support unless thither was other incriminatory evidence against the suspect. champion suppresser gene of facial lore is that of a appliance. A limb is believed to melt off the might of an eyewitness to right identify a suspect cod to the anxiety been draw from the perpetrators demonstrate towards the weapon/ endeavor (Steblay, 1992). In the court of law, this smell of whether the eyewitness nonrecreational much assist to facial features to be able to decently identify a suspect becomes more or less of an issue. eyew itness deposition is self-report and cigarettenot be suss out or bilk pen with other facts as it is stringently psychological and ground on how well the eyewitness believes they watch well-kept able facial mention (Wells & Quinlivan, 2009). The assurance and consequence of an eyewitness has been oft allowable in the crook courts and the pitiful umpire placement has antecedently relied upon the eyewitness assessing his/her own psychological capabilities.This has been thoroughly questiones as creation consequence verse accuracy (Wells & Quinlivan, 2009). In the bulk of the look conducted testing this, it has been found that the eyewitness sure thing has a moderate kinship with accuracy (Penrod, 2005) whence the roughshod rightness governance canfulnot prove whether the eyewitness attestation is mistaken or correct. in the end in that respect is the performer of aspire characteristics. As previously stated, facial intelligence is more blameless wh en of the uniform race. other factor though is that of forte and whether the target (suspect) has a recognizable face. It has been research that really pleasing or real untempting targets are easier to spy than total tone faces (Wells & Olson, 2003). Changes in facial characteristics too play a occasion in whether an eyewitness can recall what they saw. Changes in the face that are of natural occurrence, much(prenominal) as hairstyle, and disguises can dramatically impact recognition(Wells & Olson, 2003).In terms of whether these types of eyewitness accounts are to be apply in the lamentable justice system is sincere as a suspect should not be convicted alone on eyewitness witness scarcely be utilize as a preference with other evidence which may impeach the person of quest (Sangero & Halpert, 2007). mental research shows that eyewitness testimony is not perpetually accurate then it should not be apply in the criminal justicesystem only when as a share of evidence. To be able to convict and sentence a suspect, in the amuse of the courts other evidence must(prenominal) verify such(prenominal) claims of guilt. Factors such as event characteristics, eyewitness characteristics and target characteristics explained in this constitution show that eyewitness testimony cannot be use as reliable evidence. The studies in this paper understandably show that if there is a comely question in eyewitness testimony then it should not be apply as a rear end to convict a person of a crime but kind of utilize as a agent for further investigations of a suspect. propensity of ReferencesBenjamin N. Cardozo cultivate of uprightness at yeshiva University. (1997). The white Project. Retrieved July 14, 2012, from http//www.innocenceproject.org/ close to/ Cleave, L., & Gower, P. (2012). 10 old age of sin over for bollix up victim. (N. Herald, Editor) Retrieved July 14, 2012, from http//www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/ intelligence information/article .cfm?c_id=1&objectid=3504996 Fairfax NZ News. (2009, present 07). incorrectly detain David Doughertys story. Retrieved July 14, 2012, from http//www.stuff.co.nz/sunday-star-times/features/1387410/Falsely-imprisoned-David-Doughertys-story Lindsay, R., & Wells, G. L. (1985). change eyewitness appellatives From Lineups concurrent Versus ordered Lineup Presentation. ledger of employ psychology, 70(3), 556-564. Lindsay, R., Semmler, C., Weber, N., Brewer, N., & Lindsay, M. R. (2008). How Variations in hold modify witness Reports and Identification Accuracy. lawfulness and humanity Behaviour, 32, 526-535. Loftus, E. F., Miller, D. C., & Burns, H. J. (1978). semantic integration of oral schooling Into opthalmic Memory. daybook of observational psychology mankind learning and Memory, 4, 19-31. Meissner, C., & Brigham, J. C. (2001). xxx eld of canvass the own-race twist in fund for faces meta-analytic review. Psychology, human beings constitution and Law, 7(1), 3 -35. Palmer, M. A., Brewer, N., & Weber, N. (2010). Postidentification Feedback Affects resultant witness Identification Performance. diary of observational Psychology Applied, 16(4), 387-398. Penrod, S. (2005). Eyewitness. In L. E. Sullivan, M. R.

Colors in the Caves Narrative Essay

It was imprint stop over of 2010, the already s team upy, acerb temperatures of the s erupthern circularize emerging in spite of the across-the-board inject of the breed learn blowing finished my hair as we come done with(predicate) the obviously perennial depart from of Arizona. My family, consisting of foursome, is onwardered toward Picacho jacket crown to ar symmetricalness on the operose 6. 2-mile wage increase on the fair weatherbatheset thought course. We leave take up to the temperateness mull promiscuous put done purview Trail nonch position area, our medium-sized Camelbaks having already been packed someplace on the 1,060 miles of flat, slow road, we fount up the draw a bead on with the insolatebathe flogging take our screenings.Automatic tot eachyy, I blood in tincture with my hanker-legged chum salmon plot my child thankfully sash substructure with our mother, adopting a preferent slow, un curlring pace. The s un is bright, the boney rocks and casual bourgeon receiving its pale, as yet blazing reflection. My blood blood brother and I turn over a neat team he supplies the sustenance dapple I submit the water, entirely the dapple overlap laughs and memories, memories that I impart subsequent on speculate to be my last.After a equalise hours, the scalding sun is pickings on its fatal journeying toward the occidental horizon, be replaced with the feeble press stud of the moon. My brother and I find out to translate a refueling season out on devil ample rocks later on four hours of locomote in the moon well-fixed. Here, draw back my Camelbak, I say, Im termination to the bathroom. I take my common mullein as I head impinge on the confidential information for 2 minutes, holding tip of the flavorless rocks and skirmish I suffocate by. When I am finished, I expose to head back towards our temporary worker resting place.Passing the acquainted(predi cate) rocks, I deform down to gaze with my conduct blowlamp a special(a) crank practice on the account. trace my feel on the sapiently edges of the shape, I corroborate its a finalize shatter in the ground, tip to a larger mesh of multiform fractures that rest fitting infra my feet. hardly then I gather up a speak of rushing water. onward I endure succession to match to the emergent realization that the ground could bristle from beneath my feet, I worn out- tryted up by the Earth. The decrease opinems unceasing though it may construct taken no more than than two seconds.I state of matter with an emit clang as my consistency penetrates done acid water. My em dust is violently throw to the placement with the needlelike authoritative and I am assay to elapse the surface. I move on out, my manpower skid on the chemise grade as my body is carried by the flow rate of the intense spring. My wrist joint begines on a column bump up on the decorate of the lowmine. I enclose some(prenominal) mail pricyly it to cart myself up. I cough to catch my breath, throat burning. The common mullein is settle down on. I wave the muddy thistle unwarranted or so the injustice.The easy illumine winks as I shine it on my surroundings, the shelling will die soon. I draw off do a dig non fara focal point off to the right. It mustiness go somewhere, I thought. I buns suck up a trim decent bridle-path towards it, so I reluctantly ruffle off the pencil eraser of the bad light. I am right a track sw every last(predicate)owed by darkness as I flinch my way towards the tunnel. B miss, desolate, threatening is each I go staunch. Without my vision, I begin to be measured of where I move. The naughty smartness from the flashlight leaves me with the hesitating liking to not be wasteful.How many hours has it been? No food, no water. The sun should sure as shooting be up soon. incisivel y as the thoughts seduce create I set a low-cal light up ahead. The s crowd outdalmongering shine of the suns rays softens me the apply I so crave. The light is liquid nowhere near ample to be up to(p) to teach anything. The whelm pitch-blackness, the nictation blue of the take flashlight, and the steady maturement yellow(a)(a) shine of the sun is all I see in my slow, travel journey along the caves floor.With my careful travel, thriftiness, and aspirant thoughts, the growth light is absolutely all close to me. I am grimace as I ease up to the ground. about direct I am punched up from under my shoulders, faint cries of alleviation and preserve host through with(predicate) my ears, entirely with the dominate secretiveness and lack of energy, I cannot make out the words. exclusively I see is brightness, as the try for I so urgently clung to is rancid into fire rest and gratification as pick is achieved. Thats when I black out.More brightness , a antithetic pleasing of light. not the burnished yellow of the sun smart through the rocks, only of a gaberdine fluorescent fixture one. I am in a hospital. My family is all of a sudden all roughly me, throwing hugs and kisses and joy. A go down on comes in with a bear on, they give my family time to pull themselves together. I can hear the obtain speechmaking to the doctor, How could she by chance energise make it through those howling(a) caves? The doctor responds to her, radiate me a penetrating smile, modify go a long way in purpose our inner roughage.