Mechanical Engineering Technology Degree A Possible Path to a Career in Biomedical Engineering 2019

A 2017 BBC world news report announced European researchers were developing a wheelchair that can be steered by brainpower. U.S. researchers announced in 2017 that they had discovered a way to grow new bone. These miracles of science and others in the world of medicine are made possible by the study of biomedical engineering. What is Biomedical Engineering? Professionals who have earned a mechanical engineering degree or a degree in a related discipline combine knowledge of engineering with biology and medicine to create solutions to problems in medicine and human health. Those who choose to specialize in biomedical engineering with their mechanical engineering degree also perform research on the biological systems of humans and animals. In fact, research and development makes up one of the largest activities within the discipline of biomedical engineering. What Jobs are Available for Biomedical Engineers? A professional who has earned a mechanical engineering degree online or through some other means may specialize in biomedical engineering to work in a hospital, a research facility, or an industry of some sort. As a clinical biomedical engineer, the professional with a mechanical engineering technology degree may ensure that safety standards are met for hospital medical equipment and may serve as a resource along with the IT department when products malfunction. .u344db603eb74b7bf8bef5f443cac7aed { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u344db603eb74b7bf8bef5f443cac7aed:active, .u344db603eb74b7bf8bef5f443cac7aed:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u344db603eb74b7bf8bef5f443cac7aed { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u344db603eb74b7bf8bef5f443cac7aed .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u344db603eb74b7bf8bef5f443cac7aed .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u344db603eb74b7bf8bef5f443cac7aed:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Persuing an Elementary Education Online DegreeBiomedical engineers in research and development test and design any number of products. Some major accomplishments in biomedical engineering that have already been contributed to society are insulin pumps, artificial organs, lasers for eye surgery, and pharmaceuticals. Areas of continuing research include manipulating genes in order to cure various diseases. Training to Become a Biomedical Engineer An undergraduate mechanical engineering degree, an undergraduate electronic engineering degree, or an undergraduate biomedical engineering degree can qualify a professional for an entry-level job in biomedical engineering. Core engineering classes are completed first. For example, mechanical engineering degree students at Warren National University may begin with courses such as engineering-math, physics, and vector mechanics. Later courses focus on subjects more specific to biomedical engineering, such as properties and selections of materials and machine design. Some prospective students with aspirations to work in biomedical engineering are choosing to earn a mechanical engineering BS degree online in order to maintain work and family responsibilities. Advances in technology have made it possible to earn a mechanical engineering degree online with many of the same conveniences of a campus classroom. College-Pages.com, the career and education resource, is one source of information that gives students access to extensive lists of available programs and education resources in a variety of fields, including mechanical engineering. .u273b445ac4dc700a981b2ee706d22df6 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u273b445ac4dc700a981b2ee706d22df6:active, .u273b445ac4dc700a981b2ee706d22df6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u273b445ac4dc700a981b2ee706d22df6 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u273b445ac4dc700a981b2ee706d22df6 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u273b445ac4dc700a981b2ee706d22df6 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u273b445ac4dc700a981b2ee706d22df6:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Career Options in Computer ScienceHow Strong is the Job Market for Biomedical Engineers? As of 2017, there were only 9,700 biomedical engineers working in the industry. However, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that the field will see job growth of 27% or more through the year 2018. The aging of the American population along with the desire for cost-effective, high-quality medical equipment will increase the demand for biomedical engineers. The only drawback for those considering this specialty with a mechanical engineering degree is the tendency of many positions, especially in research and development, to require a graduate degree as opposed to most of the other 17 engineering specialties. Related ArticlesCreating Alternative-Fuel Vehicles is High on the Priority List for Environmental EngineersMechanical Engineering BS Degree Online NanotechnologyThe Career Builder A Masters Degree in Computer ScienceOnline Engineering Education Career Opportunities in Food and NanotechnologyFind Science and Engineering Degree ProgramsFind Computer and Technology Degree Programs .ue0048faae1f79b58225efa8cad2ee557 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ue0048faae1f79b58225efa8cad2ee557:active, .ue0048faae1f79b58225efa8cad2ee557:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 2 50ms; text-decoration:none; } .ue0048faae1f79b58225efa8cad2ee557 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ue0048faae1f79b58225efa8cad2ee557 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ue0048faae1f79b58225efa8cad2ee557 .postTitle { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ue0048faae1f79b58225efa8cad2ee557:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ University of Phoenix Nursing 5 Characteristics That Made Florence Nightingale Into a Nursing Legacy

Brain Injury And Its Effects On The Brain Injuries Essay

ABI Rehabilitation. Brain injury is a general term referring to any injury to the brain. Brain injury is stimulated by a number of factors such as bike and a car accident, assault, as fall, or a blow to the head, but these example of brain injuries which occur in nature. They are types of brain injuries such as, the brain injury that occur after birth, the traumatic brain injury (TBI) which is caused by an object such as stabbing or gun shots entering the brain causing widespread damage (Brain Injury Support(BIS), 2015; Volpe,2012). Apart from these types of brain injuries, the brain can be damaged due to lack of enough oxygen to the brain as a result to heart attack, internal bleeding like a stroke (ABI, 2015; Volpe, 2012). ABI (acquired brain injury) rehabilitation is an agency that specialises in rehabilitation after a traumatic brain injury and a stroke. But this paper will focus on brain injury only because it is an area of interest. Max Cavit is the manager director of ABI who came to an agreement with ACC to develop rehabilitation service in New Zealand (NZ), Max s ideas evolve around how people living with brain injury were mostly garaged without access to rehabilitation service in 1996 NZ (ABI, 2015). After fifteen years, ABI has stood alone with its own facilities in Auckland and Wellington. ABI has about 200 medical specialist across all regions, and these specialists have a background whether in nursing or therapy, but they all have experience across all agesShow MoreRelatedCauses And Effect Of Brain Injuries2037 Words   |  9 Pages Brain injuries, like the case described below, can cause direct contact to specific parts of the brain, resulting in the need for rehabilitation and social or psychological support. It’s destructive injury not only to the person who has the injury, but also to the people around that person. A year ago, a young boy was involved in a car accident. 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TBIs normally evolve in twoRead MoreThe Effects Of Traumatic Brain Injury ( Tbi )805 Words   |  4 Pages Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), often called concussions, are very common occurrences in children. These are bruises in the brain which occur when an impact to the head causes the brain to shake back and forth against the skull. Children, including preschoolers, toddlers, and even infants, often bruise or bump their heads from variety of methods, including motor vehicle or bicycle accidents, falls from heights (beds, stairs, e tc.), and sport related impacts (Duhaime et al., 1992). Occasionally, theseRead MoreThe Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury Essay880 Words   |  4 PagesI. Introduction The focus of this study was to examine the effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children and adolescents on prospective memory. The purpose of the study was to add to the scant research on the effects of TBI on prospective memory in children and adolescents. 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Richard Wrights novel, Native Son A stark naturalistic vision of American society Essay Example For Students

Richard Wrights novel, Native Son: A stark naturalistic vision of American society Essay In Richard Wrights novel, Native Son, Wright uses the theory of naturalism to describe race relations in America. Looking back on his youth, Wright remembers vividly, the struggle against poverty, fear and racism, which are also the themes that are explored in this novel. Wrights description of his protagonists story reflects his own experiences in America. Wright remembers his fathers desertion of the family, coupled with his mothers crippling illness, which left her and her two sons in poverty, and which made Wrights early years unhappy ones. Growing up in Mississippi, Wright felt isolated and rebellious against authority. He left school after completing the ninth grade because he believed that the schools programs were irrelevant to a black boys future. Bakish 5. Self-taught following his graduation and embittered by segregation and racism, he was drawn to the naturalistic novels of Theodore Dreiser and Sinclair Lewis. In his hometown of Mississippi, Wright was often denied jobs because white workers felt threatened. Bakish 6. Perhaps hoping to move from rags to riches, Wright migrated north to Chicago in 1927 at the age of 19, and then to New York in 1937, but the situation was no different. Wright learned that Chicago and New York were no better than Mississippi. He came to the north to break the tragic cycle of his life in the South, what he found, however, was continuing enslavement. Bakish 31. Because Wright chose to deal with the experience he knew best, Native Son is an exploration of how the pressure and racism of the American cultural environment affects black people, their feelings, thoughts, self-images, in fact, their entire lives. Wrights attraction to naturalism comes from his instinctive recognition that his own life as an American black man was so closely reflected in naturalistic fiction. Naturalist doctrine assumes that fate is something imposed on the individual from outside. The protagonist of the naturalist novel is therefore at the mercy of circumstances rather than of himself. Furst and Skrine 18. Naturalistic writers study people by their natural instincts, passions and the way their lives are governed by forces of environment and heredity. The recurrent imagery of naturalism is drawn from the animal world. Human beings, are, in Emile Zolas phrase, human beasts, characters that can be studied through their relationships to their surroundings. So, naturalism abounds in the law of struggle for existence. Furst and Skrine 16. According to the naturalist, man is an animal whose course is determined by his heredity, by the effects of his environment and by the pressures of the moment. This conception robs man of responsibility for his actions. His actions are inescapable results of physical forces and conditions totally beyond his control. Furst and Skrine 18. Through characterization, symbolism and the setting Wright reveals his protagonists fate as a black man in society. Wright, in keeping with the features of a naturalist novel, populates his novel with characters from the lower class, the uneducated and the unsophisticated. Bessie, Bigger, Gus, The Thomas etc Since their daily life is commonplace and ordinary, the novel infuses qualities associated with the heroic such as acts of violence, and passion which involve sexual adventure which culminate in desperate moments and violent death. Pizer 12. Wright begins Native Son with the grotesque scene of Bigger chasing and killing the rat prowling his familys one-room, slum apartment in Chicagos Black Belt. This action is ironically symbolic. The rat characterizes the social environment in which Bigger is forced to exist. In How Bigger Was Born, Wright asserts that the environment supplies the instruments through which the subject expresses itself. Racism is the instrument that controls all aspects of Biggers life- his home, school, job, friends, the church, the police, the court, and the media. So, the violent death of the rat, symbolizes the economic forces that oppress the poor. It also foreshadows Biggers violent efforts to break out of the physical and mental rattrap his life has been. Bakish 31. Bigger was not born a violent criminal, but became one in the unforgiving world of racism and poverty in American society. Bigger experiences physical and psychological alienation from his family and friends as a result of the unfavourable traits in his personality. These traits evolved out of the inner frustrations and rage caused by his exclusion from the larger society around him. Brigano 145. Hence, the environment shapes Biggers consciousness. Bigger also develops a fragmented psyche. In How Bigger Was Born, Wright indicates that white societys negative perceptions of blackness cause Bigger to feel he was something to be hated; his black skin was a badge of shame. Bigger felt uncomfortable in their presence. As a result, when the relief agency offers Bigger a job as a cha uffeur to the wealthy Dalton family, he fears walking through the white section of the city. It is only with his gun and his knife at his side does he feel on equal footing with the white world. Shakespeare, Richard II: analysis of Richard as a king EssayWhen faced with danger, Bigger lashes out just as an animal would. Although Mr. Dalton has periodically converted his profits from the rents into magnanimous contributions to various Negro institutions, Wright establishes that bourgeoisie capitalists engage in such seemingly humanitarian deeds in order to discourage revolt and to appease their own feelings of guilt. Through Mr. Dalton Wright is exposing white hypocrisy. Brignano 77. Similarly, Mrs. Daltons blindness is a symbol of the failure of whites to see blacks as anything but criminals. It is true that Mrs. Dalton cannot see Bigger in the room, but if she could have, she would have been blind to the reason why he was there. The racism that black people endured in the 1930s was not a figment of Wrights imagination. Popular culture displayed negative perceptions of African Americans and perpetuated these through magazines, propaganda, and motion pictures. Bigger himself, used these stereotypes imposed on blacks to escape the repercussions of his murder of Mary Dalton. Bigger reasons that since he is supposed to be a stupid black boy, he would never be expected to commit such a daring act. Therefore, he implicates Jan Erlone in the murder by signing the ransom note Red, because he knew that the Communist party was hated in the society. Further, he acts out the white-assigned role of the stupid black boy, on the morning after the murder, by sitting and waiting for his breakfast. Wright employs the omniscient narrator in this framework by revealing Biggers thoughts: who on earth would think that he, a black timid Negro boy would murder and burn a rich white girl and then sit and wait for his breakfast like this? Wright 91. Through Wrights graphic descriptions of the details of Biggers crimes, Bigger is portrayed as a naturalistic victim caught in an environmental trap. Bloom 65 It may be argued that Bigger was just in the wrong place at the wrong time; a victim of circumstances, for if Mary had stuck to the plan and gone to the lecture at the university she would not have gotten drunk, if she had not been drunk, she would not have had to be carried to her room. If Bigger had not taken her to her room, he would not have had to hide from her mother. If her mother had not come in, he would not have had to put the pillow over her face, which led to her suffocation. Nevertheless, like the rat, overpowered by societal forces stronger than himself, Bigger is doomed to die a violent death for his crimes. However, the murders gave Bigger a strange sense of satisfaction. For the first time in his life, he has defied the legal, social and moral concepts of the society that oppressed him. The murders awaken in him, a new concept of himself. Racism was nothing new in the 1940s. Racism was everywhere, even in the so-called fairness of the American justice system. Wright did not even have to make up the hypocrisy of American justice; he just used actual court cases, like the 1938-39 case of Robert Nixon. Nixon was charged for killing a white girl during a robbery, which did not stray too far from Bigger Thomas story. Through Biggers lawyer, Boris Max, the hypocrisy of the American justice system was highlighted. In Biggers defense, he cited a case where, rich white boys, clearly guilty of kidnapping and first degree murder had escaped the death penalty, but the lawyer sees that Bigger has no chance in this bigoted society. Bakish 38. Through the defense summation in Native Son, Wright indicts the society that has contributed to the development of Bigger Thomas. The tripartite division of the novel-Fear, Flight and Fate reveals the stark realities of African American experience in the 1940s. They lived in fear of white rule, as a result they were always running away, but no matter what they did or where they went, their fate was already decided . From the foregoing, it is clearly evident, that the use of naturalism allowed Wright to present an unbiased account of American social and class relations through the eyes of an ignorant character whose world of poverty, despair, and frustration turn him into a killer. Moreover, since his protagonists experiences reflect his own, Wright is able to use his naturalistic style to objectively record his own experience without distorting it to suit conventional morality and standard literary tastes. So it can be said that Native Son is a stark naturalistic vision of American society.

Good Practice in Questionnaire Design

Question: Describe about good practice in questionnaire design? Answer: What is a questionnaire? A questionnaire is an instrument for conducting research. The instrument contains a set of questions which prompts a person to collect information from the respondents. The questionnaire is designed for the purpose of generating a statistical analysis of the responses. The questionnaire though can be used to generate other data also (Alexander, Entwisle Dauber, 2003). It was emphasised by Brace (2004) that the importance of the questions is successful for the communication process particularly in conducting a marketing research. The questionnaire should be in tune with the respondents who different in terms of language, age, gender and education. The questions must be so designed such that the there is no negative responses or non-responses from the respondents (Full-Length Donor History Questionnaire, 2015). It should be seen that the respondents do not misinterpret or lie while answering the questions. A good practise method of the questionnaire improves the quality of the questionnaire to a great extent and it helps to avoid the pitfalls. This paper will try to explain the good practices of that can be used to design the questionnaire in a sequential manner (Mymarketresearchmethods.com, 2014). It is to be kept in mind that if the questions are not carefully designed then the best method to gather, and analyse the data later in the research will not be able to compensate the bad design. This can lead to the questions not being useful for the purpose of the survey (Yuen). Question length According to a research undertaken by Holbrook et al (2006) indicated that the questions should be kept as short as possible. This should be done so that the respondents comprehension increases. It was said by Brislin (1986) that the maximum number of words in the question should be 16 while another work by Oppenheim (1992) recommends that the number of words should be 20 per sentence and the question can contain more than one sentence (Jurges, 2015). According to a report by Jabien (1987) it was said that longer questions can generate more accurate report as they try to convey the notion that the task has some importance and that it deserves some serious effort. Grammar The grammatical complexities of the questionnaire should be kept to a minimum so that the respondents are able to answer to the questions appropriately. The questions should be framed in the active voice rather than the passive voice. There are certain guidelines like the use of pronouns should be less and nouns should be used as much as possible. These guidelines should be followed so that the mental capacity of the respondents is freed and they can think about the answers. Simplicity and specificity The cognitive load on the respondents can be reduced by using specific terms instead of general terms. The more complex questions should be broken down into simpler questions illustrates a certain behavioural illustrations. The use of vague words such as maybe, perhaps, probably should be avoided. A study by Foddy (1993) and Belson (1981) says that the use of hypothetical questions in the questionnaire should be avoided. Since it tries to find the complex behaviours of the respondents the researcher should not give any hypothetical questions (Research Consultation Guidelines -Questionnaires, 2015). It is recommended that alternative scenario and vignettes should be used to generate the responses which are external to the realm of the present or the past. Double barrelled question A double barrelled question is that the statements or the questions contain two types of verbs or two different types of concepts. It was said by Brislin (1986) that it is detrimental to obtain a accurate response if the researcher uses a double barrelled questions which uses the use of two concepts in the same question. Examples of double barrelled question do you find time to go through the newspaper every day? here it is seen that the question have two separate statements such as does the person have the time and the second question is that does the person goes through the newspaper everyday (Survey Research, 2015). In this case it is seen that the statement has two separate ideas put in one statement. It can be seen that the researcher is not sure about which area he wants to gather the information on. The researcher may not be aware of the fact that the question is a double barrelled question (Formulating Survey Questions, 2015). Social desirability It should be kept in mind that the questions should not be poorly worded and it poses a threat on the respondents; as said by Foddy (1993). He also adds that by using too many difficult words in the questions or in the instructions can make the respondents feel that they are either uneducated or stupid. This can often lead to respondent not answering to the question. Often it is seen that the respondents feel a social barrier in responding to certain type of questions such as whether they smoke or drink. The respondents often choose to answer the question which is favourable to the society. Foddy (1993) also states that there are certain issues like medical diagnosis related to the mental or genital diagnosis often leads the respondents in giving a false answer (Kaminska, 2015). It is done so as to avoid any embarrassing situation or to avoid being recognised in the society. According to Brace (2004), the researcher should use indirect ways to generate the information from the respondents so that they feel free to answer sensitive issues such as crime, drug use or adultery. A question can be asked like what do you believe other people might think about the use of drugs? in this type of questions, it is assumed that the respondents answer their own views by putting it others mouth (Leitz, 2015). Brace (2004) also points that the respondents propensity to give more desirable answers is by asking them question that will familiarize him with the situation. This can be done by using an introductory question like are you aware of the....? Negatively worded questions The use of the negative words in the questionnaire should be avoided since those type of questions take a longer time to process. The use of negative words often increases the chances of making mistakes for the respondents. Foddy (1993) said that the use of the words like no/not often leads to the confusion for the respondents (Colosi, 2015). For example a question like- what do you think that the conservationist must not be uncooperative with the government? this type of questions should be avoided. In place of such questions it should be given that should the conservationist be more cooperative with the government? this will reduce the chances of the respondents to spend more time assessing the answers of the questions. It was often seen that the respondents have the tendency to indicate to a no option rather than indicating to a yes. Order of the question The order of the question is an important thing in a questionnaire. The cause problems and often threatens the truthfulness of the results. The pattern or the order of the question may affect the whole layout of the questionnaire or may often affect the part of the questionnaire. The relevant questions should be put together or serially one after the other. There are a set of general questions and a set of specific questions (Leung, 2001). It is seen that the general question is more suitably placed before the specific question. It is such because the specific question is aimed at finding out the more detailed aspect of the study being undertaken. For example questions like the degree of happiness in general life and the degree of happiness in the marriage. Here the previous question is the general question and the second part of the question is the specific question which is aimed at finding out the specific range of happiness in being married (Leitz, 2015). It must be noted that the demographic questions like the name, age, education qualification, marital status and the income level of the respondents should be given at the end of the questionnaire. According to Gaskell et al. (1994) this should not be given at the beginning of the questionnaire so that the respondents do not feel negative about the disclosure of the personal information which in turn can impact the answering behaviour of the respondents (Colosi, 2015). Responses The responses are the second most important area to be considered. The responses include the answer given by the respondents. The responses generated are based on the various categories or the scales that are being used as part of the research. It is also the work of the researcher to encode the answers given by the respondents (Leitz, 2015). The option of dont know It is the part of the researcher to find out whether the respondents will be able to answer all the questions; or the respondents who have little knowledge should be scanned out and they are not asked the same questions. The problem arises when the interviewer asks the respondents questions in a face to face interview or over a telephonic interview. The interviewer often finds it difficult whether they should include a dont know option in the questionnaire (Ro.uow.edu.au, 2015). In a study conducted by Schumann and Pressser (1996), it was seen that the dont know option has increased from 22% to 25% when the questions were asked explicitly. The questions with which the respondents were less familiar were more prone to answer the dont know option and vice versa. When the questions were not explicitly answered the answers shifted from the dont know to either agree or disagree (McColl, Thomas Jacoby, 2015). Opinion filtering questions Some of the responses of the questions should try to achieve the opinion of the respondents. In questions like what is your opinion about the new policy? would generate a specific opinion of the individual respondent. It can also be seen from these questions that whether the respondent is ignorant about the responses (Krosnick Presser, 2015). Scale options in the questionnaire It was stated by a number of authors that a 5-point or a 7-point scale is used to generate the responses and are most commonly used. It was said by Dawes (2008) that by using those scales it is easier to find the responses as the scales can be rescaled and it facilitates comparison. The 7- point scale is more frequently used than the 5-point scale, as it offers more differentiation of the responses and is more reliable. It was also seen that with the usage of a more scaled responses, the degree of getting a satisfactory answer also increases. It is also used when an abstract response is to be generated from the respondents. Even or odd number of responses in the scale option The researcher has to decide whether he should include an even set of options or an odd set of options while setting the questionnaire. Giving an odd number or responses gives the researcher an option to indicate to the neutral option which lies in the middle of the answer set. The neutral option lets the respondent not to indicate or commit to a favourable option (Wording for rating scales, 2015). Researchers have shown that the middle option attracts 6-23% of the respondents when they are given the chance. It was also seen that the responses shifted to the dont know when the middle option was removed. It was also seen that the options such as somewhat liberal or somewhat conservative drew more attention even though the middle neutral option was not provided (Instructional Assessment Resources, 2015). Options of the response scale labelling The problem that most of the researcher faces is that, whether they should use a unipolar scale or to use a bipolar scale. The unipolar scale uses scale marking from 0 to 10 and the bipolar scale uses +5 to -5 options in the scale. There are other scales such as the verbal scales which includes options like, strongly disagree, disagree, neither disagree nor agree, strongly agree, and agree (Menold Kaczmirek, 2015). It was seen in a research study that the respondents have the tendency of choosing scale of more than 5 in the unipolar scale whereas a positive rating in the bipolar scale. The direction and the order of the responses Foddy (1993) has shown in a study that a number of response options effects arise in the questionnaires responses. Those effects can be recency or primary effects. There are other effects like the effect of the shifting frame of references of the individuals. The primary effects are the assumptions that the individuals will select the earlier options in the questionnaire while the recency effect is that the respondents will select the later responses of the options being provided (Booth, Colomb Williams, 2008). The shifting frame of references refers to the psychology of the individual and depends on whether he has indicated to an option earlier or not (Pasmore, Woodman Shani, 2010). Conclusion Researchers who are responsible for making the questionnaire will find the above considerations to be useful. At first the objectives of the study must be laid out. The questionnaire will need to review the previous researches made in the past (Stone). After the grammar, language, simplicity of the questionnaire is maintained, the task of the researcher is to hold the research process and measure the success of the questionnaire as well as the research. References Alexander, K., Entwisle, D., Dauber, S. (2003).On the success of failure. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Booth, W., Colomb, G., Williams, J. (2008).The craft of research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Colosi, L. (2015).Designing an Effective Questionnaire(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.human.cornell.edu/pam/outreach/parenting/research/upload/Designing-20an-20Effective-20Questionnaire.pdf Colosi, R. (2015).Negatively Worded Questions Cause Respondent Confusion(1st ed.). 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