Mechanical Engineering Technology Degree A Possible Path to a Career in Biomedical Engineering 2019

A 2017 BBC world news report announced European researchers were developing a wheelchair that can be steered by brainpower. U.S. researchers announced in 2017 that they had discovered a way to grow new bone. These miracles of science and others in the world of medicine are made possible by the study of biomedical engineering. What is Biomedical Engineering? Professionals who have earned a mechanical engineering degree or a degree in a related discipline combine knowledge of engineering with biology and medicine to create solutions to problems in medicine and human health. Those who choose to specialize in biomedical engineering with their mechanical engineering degree also perform research on the biological systems of humans and animals. In fact, research and development makes up one of the largest activities within the discipline of biomedical engineering. What Jobs are Available for Biomedical Engineers? A professional who has earned a mechanical engineering degree online or through some other means may specialize in biomedical engineering to work in a hospital, a research facility, or an industry of some sort. As a clinical biomedical engineer, the professional with a mechanical engineering technology degree may ensure that safety standards are met for hospital medical equipment and may serve as a resource along with the IT department when products malfunction. .u344db603eb74b7bf8bef5f443cac7aed { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u344db603eb74b7bf8bef5f443cac7aed:active, .u344db603eb74b7bf8bef5f443cac7aed:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u344db603eb74b7bf8bef5f443cac7aed { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u344db603eb74b7bf8bef5f443cac7aed .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u344db603eb74b7bf8bef5f443cac7aed .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u344db603eb74b7bf8bef5f443cac7aed:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Persuing an Elementary Education Online DegreeBiomedical engineers in research and development test and design any number of products. Some major accomplishments in biomedical engineering that have already been contributed to society are insulin pumps, artificial organs, lasers for eye surgery, and pharmaceuticals. Areas of continuing research include manipulating genes in order to cure various diseases. Training to Become a Biomedical Engineer An undergraduate mechanical engineering degree, an undergraduate electronic engineering degree, or an undergraduate biomedical engineering degree can qualify a professional for an entry-level job in biomedical engineering. Core engineering classes are completed first. For example, mechanical engineering degree students at Warren National University may begin with courses such as engineering-math, physics, and vector mechanics. Later courses focus on subjects more specific to biomedical engineering, such as properties and selections of materials and machine design. Some prospective students with aspirations to work in biomedical engineering are choosing to earn a mechanical engineering BS degree online in order to maintain work and family responsibilities. Advances in technology have made it possible to earn a mechanical engineering degree online with many of the same conveniences of a campus classroom. College-Pages.com, the career and education resource, is one source of information that gives students access to extensive lists of available programs and education resources in a variety of fields, including mechanical engineering. .u273b445ac4dc700a981b2ee706d22df6 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u273b445ac4dc700a981b2ee706d22df6:active, .u273b445ac4dc700a981b2ee706d22df6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u273b445ac4dc700a981b2ee706d22df6 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u273b445ac4dc700a981b2ee706d22df6 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u273b445ac4dc700a981b2ee706d22df6 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u273b445ac4dc700a981b2ee706d22df6:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Career Options in Computer ScienceHow Strong is the Job Market for Biomedical Engineers? As of 2017, there were only 9,700 biomedical engineers working in the industry. However, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that the field will see job growth of 27% or more through the year 2018. The aging of the American population along with the desire for cost-effective, high-quality medical equipment will increase the demand for biomedical engineers. The only drawback for those considering this specialty with a mechanical engineering degree is the tendency of many positions, especially in research and development, to require a graduate degree as opposed to most of the other 17 engineering specialties. Related ArticlesCreating Alternative-Fuel Vehicles is High on the Priority List for Environmental EngineersMechanical Engineering BS Degree Online NanotechnologyThe Career Builder A Masters Degree in Computer ScienceOnline Engineering Education Career Opportunities in Food and NanotechnologyFind Science and Engineering Degree ProgramsFind Computer and Technology Degree Programs .ue0048faae1f79b58225efa8cad2ee557 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ue0048faae1f79b58225efa8cad2ee557:active, .ue0048faae1f79b58225efa8cad2ee557:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 2 50ms; text-decoration:none; } .ue0048faae1f79b58225efa8cad2ee557 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ue0048faae1f79b58225efa8cad2ee557 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ue0048faae1f79b58225efa8cad2ee557 .postTitle { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ue0048faae1f79b58225efa8cad2ee557:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ University of Phoenix Nursing 5 Characteristics That Made Florence Nightingale Into a Nursing Legacy

Brain Injury And Its Effects On The Brain Injuries Essay

ABI Rehabilitation. Brain injury is a general term referring to any injury to the brain. Brain injury is stimulated by a number of factors such as bike and a car accident, assault, as fall, or a blow to the head, but these example of brain injuries which occur in nature. They are types of brain injuries such as, the brain injury that occur after birth, the traumatic brain injury (TBI) which is caused by an object such as stabbing or gun shots entering the brain causing widespread damage (Brain Injury Support(BIS), 2015; Volpe,2012). Apart from these types of brain injuries, the brain can be damaged due to lack of enough oxygen to the brain as a result to heart attack, internal bleeding like a stroke (ABI, 2015; Volpe, 2012). ABI (acquired brain injury) rehabilitation is an agency that specialises in rehabilitation after a traumatic brain injury and a stroke. But this paper will focus on brain injury only because it is an area of interest. Max Cavit is the manager director of ABI who came to an agreement with ACC to develop rehabilitation service in New Zealand (NZ), Max s ideas evolve around how people living with brain injury were mostly garaged without access to rehabilitation service in 1996 NZ (ABI, 2015). After fifteen years, ABI has stood alone with its own facilities in Auckland and Wellington. ABI has about 200 medical specialist across all regions, and these specialists have a background whether in nursing or therapy, but they all have experience across all agesShow MoreRelatedCauses And Effect Of Brain Injuries2037 Words   |  9 Pages Brain injuries, like the case described below, can cause direct contact to specific parts of the brain, resulting in the need for rehabilitation and social or psychological support. It’s destructive injury not only to the person who has the injury, but also to the people around that person. A year ago, a young boy was involved in a car accident. 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TBIs normally evolve in twoRead MoreThe Effects Of Traumatic Brain Injury ( Tbi )805 Words   |  4 Pages Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), often called concussions, are very common occurrences in children. These are bruises in the brain which occur when an impact to the head causes the brain to shake back and forth against the skull. Children, including preschoolers, toddlers, and even infants, often bruise or bump their heads from variety of methods, including motor vehicle or bicycle accidents, falls from heights (beds, stairs, e tc.), and sport related impacts (Duhaime et al., 1992). Occasionally, theseRead MoreThe Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury Essay880 Words   |  4 PagesI. Introduction The focus of this study was to examine the effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children and adolescents on prospective memory. The purpose of the study was to add to the scant research on the effects of TBI on prospective memory in children and adolescents. 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Richard Wrights novel, Native Son A stark naturalistic vision of American society Essay Example For Students

Richard Wrights novel, Native Son: A stark naturalistic vision of American society Essay In Richard Wrights novel, Native Son, Wright uses the theory of naturalism to describe race relations in America. Looking back on his youth, Wright remembers vividly, the struggle against poverty, fear and racism, which are also the themes that are explored in this novel. Wrights description of his protagonists story reflects his own experiences in America. Wright remembers his fathers desertion of the family, coupled with his mothers crippling illness, which left her and her two sons in poverty, and which made Wrights early years unhappy ones. Growing up in Mississippi, Wright felt isolated and rebellious against authority. He left school after completing the ninth grade because he believed that the schools programs were irrelevant to a black boys future. Bakish 5. Self-taught following his graduation and embittered by segregation and racism, he was drawn to the naturalistic novels of Theodore Dreiser and Sinclair Lewis. In his hometown of Mississippi, Wright was often denied jobs because white workers felt threatened. Bakish 6. Perhaps hoping to move from rags to riches, Wright migrated north to Chicago in 1927 at the age of 19, and then to New York in 1937, but the situation was no different. Wright learned that Chicago and New York were no better than Mississippi. He came to the north to break the tragic cycle of his life in the South, what he found, however, was continuing enslavement. Bakish 31. Because Wright chose to deal with the experience he knew best, Native Son is an exploration of how the pressure and racism of the American cultural environment affects black people, their feelings, thoughts, self-images, in fact, their entire lives. Wrights attraction to naturalism comes from his instinctive recognition that his own life as an American black man was so closely reflected in naturalistic fiction. Naturalist doctrine assumes that fate is something imposed on the individual from outside. The protagonist of the naturalist novel is therefore at the mercy of circumstances rather than of himself. Furst and Skrine 18. Naturalistic writers study people by their natural instincts, passions and the way their lives are governed by forces of environment and heredity. The recurrent imagery of naturalism is drawn from the animal world. Human beings, are, in Emile Zolas phrase, human beasts, characters that can be studied through their relationships to their surroundings. So, naturalism abounds in the law of struggle for existence. Furst and Skrine 16. According to the naturalist, man is an animal whose course is determined by his heredity, by the effects of his environment and by the pressures of the moment. This conception robs man of responsibility for his actions. His actions are inescapable results of physical forces and conditions totally beyond his control. Furst and Skrine 18. Through characterization, symbolism and the setting Wright reveals his protagonists fate as a black man in society. Wright, in keeping with the features of a naturalist novel, populates his novel with characters from the lower class, the uneducated and the unsophisticated. Bessie, Bigger, Gus, The Thomas etc Since their daily life is commonplace and ordinary, the novel infuses qualities associated with the heroic such as acts of violence, and passion which involve sexual adventure which culminate in desperate moments and violent death. Pizer 12. Wright begins Native Son with the grotesque scene of Bigger chasing and killing the rat prowling his familys one-room, slum apartment in Chicagos Black Belt. This action is ironically symbolic. The rat characterizes the social environment in which Bigger is forced to exist. In How Bigger Was Born, Wright asserts that the environment supplies the instruments through which the subject expresses itself. Racism is the instrument that controls all aspects of Biggers life- his home, school, job, friends, the church, the police, the court, and the media. So, the violent death of the rat, symbolizes the economic forces that oppress the poor. It also foreshadows Biggers violent efforts to break out of the physical and mental rattrap his life has been. Bakish 31. Bigger was not born a violent criminal, but became one in the unforgiving world of racism and poverty in American society. Bigger experiences physical and psychological alienation from his family and friends as a result of the unfavourable traits in his personality. These traits evolved out of the inner frustrations and rage caused by his exclusion from the larger society around him. Brigano 145. Hence, the environment shapes Biggers consciousness. Bigger also develops a fragmented psyche. In How Bigger Was Born, Wright indicates that white societys negative perceptions of blackness cause Bigger to feel he was something to be hated; his black skin was a badge of shame. Bigger felt uncomfortable in their presence. As a result, when the relief agency offers Bigger a job as a cha uffeur to the wealthy Dalton family, he fears walking through the white section of the city. It is only with his gun and his knife at his side does he feel on equal footing with the white world. Shakespeare, Richard II: analysis of Richard as a king EssayWhen faced with danger, Bigger lashes out just as an animal would. Although Mr. Dalton has periodically converted his profits from the rents into magnanimous contributions to various Negro institutions, Wright establishes that bourgeoisie capitalists engage in such seemingly humanitarian deeds in order to discourage revolt and to appease their own feelings of guilt. Through Mr. Dalton Wright is exposing white hypocrisy. Brignano 77. Similarly, Mrs. Daltons blindness is a symbol of the failure of whites to see blacks as anything but criminals. It is true that Mrs. Dalton cannot see Bigger in the room, but if she could have, she would have been blind to the reason why he was there. The racism that black people endured in the 1930s was not a figment of Wrights imagination. Popular culture displayed negative perceptions of African Americans and perpetuated these through magazines, propaganda, and motion pictures. Bigger himself, used these stereotypes imposed on blacks to escape the repercussions of his murder of Mary Dalton. Bigger reasons that since he is supposed to be a stupid black boy, he would never be expected to commit such a daring act. Therefore, he implicates Jan Erlone in the murder by signing the ransom note Red, because he knew that the Communist party was hated in the society. Further, he acts out the white-assigned role of the stupid black boy, on the morning after the murder, by sitting and waiting for his breakfast. Wright employs the omniscient narrator in this framework by revealing Biggers thoughts: who on earth would think that he, a black timid Negro boy would murder and burn a rich white girl and then sit and wait for his breakfast like this? Wright 91. Through Wrights graphic descriptions of the details of Biggers crimes, Bigger is portrayed as a naturalistic victim caught in an environmental trap. Bloom 65 It may be argued that Bigger was just in the wrong place at the wrong time; a victim of circumstances, for if Mary had stuck to the plan and gone to the lecture at the university she would not have gotten drunk, if she had not been drunk, she would not have had to be carried to her room. If Bigger had not taken her to her room, he would not have had to hide from her mother. If her mother had not come in, he would not have had to put the pillow over her face, which led to her suffocation. Nevertheless, like the rat, overpowered by societal forces stronger than himself, Bigger is doomed to die a violent death for his crimes. However, the murders gave Bigger a strange sense of satisfaction. For the first time in his life, he has defied the legal, social and moral concepts of the society that oppressed him. The murders awaken in him, a new concept of himself. Racism was nothing new in the 1940s. Racism was everywhere, even in the so-called fairness of the American justice system. Wright did not even have to make up the hypocrisy of American justice; he just used actual court cases, like the 1938-39 case of Robert Nixon. Nixon was charged for killing a white girl during a robbery, which did not stray too far from Bigger Thomas story. Through Biggers lawyer, Boris Max, the hypocrisy of the American justice system was highlighted. In Biggers defense, he cited a case where, rich white boys, clearly guilty of kidnapping and first degree murder had escaped the death penalty, but the lawyer sees that Bigger has no chance in this bigoted society. Bakish 38. Through the defense summation in Native Son, Wright indicts the society that has contributed to the development of Bigger Thomas. The tripartite division of the novel-Fear, Flight and Fate reveals the stark realities of African American experience in the 1940s. They lived in fear of white rule, as a result they were always running away, but no matter what they did or where they went, their fate was already decided . From the foregoing, it is clearly evident, that the use of naturalism allowed Wright to present an unbiased account of American social and class relations through the eyes of an ignorant character whose world of poverty, despair, and frustration turn him into a killer. Moreover, since his protagonists experiences reflect his own, Wright is able to use his naturalistic style to objectively record his own experience without distorting it to suit conventional morality and standard literary tastes. So it can be said that Native Son is a stark naturalistic vision of American society.

Good Practice in Questionnaire Design

Question: Describe about good practice in questionnaire design? Answer: What is a questionnaire? A questionnaire is an instrument for conducting research. The instrument contains a set of questions which prompts a person to collect information from the respondents. The questionnaire is designed for the purpose of generating a statistical analysis of the responses. The questionnaire though can be used to generate other data also (Alexander, Entwisle Dauber, 2003). It was emphasised by Brace (2004) that the importance of the questions is successful for the communication process particularly in conducting a marketing research. The questionnaire should be in tune with the respondents who different in terms of language, age, gender and education. The questions must be so designed such that the there is no negative responses or non-responses from the respondents (Full-Length Donor History Questionnaire, 2015). It should be seen that the respondents do not misinterpret or lie while answering the questions. A good practise method of the questionnaire improves the quality of the questionnaire to a great extent and it helps to avoid the pitfalls. This paper will try to explain the good practices of that can be used to design the questionnaire in a sequential manner (Mymarketresearchmethods.com, 2014). It is to be kept in mind that if the questions are not carefully designed then the best method to gather, and analyse the data later in the research will not be able to compensate the bad design. This can lead to the questions not being useful for the purpose of the survey (Yuen). Question length According to a research undertaken by Holbrook et al (2006) indicated that the questions should be kept as short as possible. This should be done so that the respondents comprehension increases. It was said by Brislin (1986) that the maximum number of words in the question should be 16 while another work by Oppenheim (1992) recommends that the number of words should be 20 per sentence and the question can contain more than one sentence (Jurges, 2015). According to a report by Jabien (1987) it was said that longer questions can generate more accurate report as they try to convey the notion that the task has some importance and that it deserves some serious effort. Grammar The grammatical complexities of the questionnaire should be kept to a minimum so that the respondents are able to answer to the questions appropriately. The questions should be framed in the active voice rather than the passive voice. There are certain guidelines like the use of pronouns should be less and nouns should be used as much as possible. These guidelines should be followed so that the mental capacity of the respondents is freed and they can think about the answers. Simplicity and specificity The cognitive load on the respondents can be reduced by using specific terms instead of general terms. The more complex questions should be broken down into simpler questions illustrates a certain behavioural illustrations. The use of vague words such as maybe, perhaps, probably should be avoided. A study by Foddy (1993) and Belson (1981) says that the use of hypothetical questions in the questionnaire should be avoided. Since it tries to find the complex behaviours of the respondents the researcher should not give any hypothetical questions (Research Consultation Guidelines -Questionnaires, 2015). It is recommended that alternative scenario and vignettes should be used to generate the responses which are external to the realm of the present or the past. Double barrelled question A double barrelled question is that the statements or the questions contain two types of verbs or two different types of concepts. It was said by Brislin (1986) that it is detrimental to obtain a accurate response if the researcher uses a double barrelled questions which uses the use of two concepts in the same question. Examples of double barrelled question do you find time to go through the newspaper every day? here it is seen that the question have two separate statements such as does the person have the time and the second question is that does the person goes through the newspaper everyday (Survey Research, 2015). In this case it is seen that the statement has two separate ideas put in one statement. It can be seen that the researcher is not sure about which area he wants to gather the information on. The researcher may not be aware of the fact that the question is a double barrelled question (Formulating Survey Questions, 2015). Social desirability It should be kept in mind that the questions should not be poorly worded and it poses a threat on the respondents; as said by Foddy (1993). He also adds that by using too many difficult words in the questions or in the instructions can make the respondents feel that they are either uneducated or stupid. This can often lead to respondent not answering to the question. Often it is seen that the respondents feel a social barrier in responding to certain type of questions such as whether they smoke or drink. The respondents often choose to answer the question which is favourable to the society. Foddy (1993) also states that there are certain issues like medical diagnosis related to the mental or genital diagnosis often leads the respondents in giving a false answer (Kaminska, 2015). It is done so as to avoid any embarrassing situation or to avoid being recognised in the society. According to Brace (2004), the researcher should use indirect ways to generate the information from the respondents so that they feel free to answer sensitive issues such as crime, drug use or adultery. A question can be asked like what do you believe other people might think about the use of drugs? in this type of questions, it is assumed that the respondents answer their own views by putting it others mouth (Leitz, 2015). Brace (2004) also points that the respondents propensity to give more desirable answers is by asking them question that will familiarize him with the situation. This can be done by using an introductory question like are you aware of the....? Negatively worded questions The use of the negative words in the questionnaire should be avoided since those type of questions take a longer time to process. The use of negative words often increases the chances of making mistakes for the respondents. Foddy (1993) said that the use of the words like no/not often leads to the confusion for the respondents (Colosi, 2015). For example a question like- what do you think that the conservationist must not be uncooperative with the government? this type of questions should be avoided. In place of such questions it should be given that should the conservationist be more cooperative with the government? this will reduce the chances of the respondents to spend more time assessing the answers of the questions. It was often seen that the respondents have the tendency to indicate to a no option rather than indicating to a yes. Order of the question The order of the question is an important thing in a questionnaire. The cause problems and often threatens the truthfulness of the results. The pattern or the order of the question may affect the whole layout of the questionnaire or may often affect the part of the questionnaire. The relevant questions should be put together or serially one after the other. There are a set of general questions and a set of specific questions (Leung, 2001). It is seen that the general question is more suitably placed before the specific question. It is such because the specific question is aimed at finding out the more detailed aspect of the study being undertaken. For example questions like the degree of happiness in general life and the degree of happiness in the marriage. Here the previous question is the general question and the second part of the question is the specific question which is aimed at finding out the specific range of happiness in being married (Leitz, 2015). It must be noted that the demographic questions like the name, age, education qualification, marital status and the income level of the respondents should be given at the end of the questionnaire. According to Gaskell et al. (1994) this should not be given at the beginning of the questionnaire so that the respondents do not feel negative about the disclosure of the personal information which in turn can impact the answering behaviour of the respondents (Colosi, 2015). Responses The responses are the second most important area to be considered. The responses include the answer given by the respondents. The responses generated are based on the various categories or the scales that are being used as part of the research. It is also the work of the researcher to encode the answers given by the respondents (Leitz, 2015). The option of dont know It is the part of the researcher to find out whether the respondents will be able to answer all the questions; or the respondents who have little knowledge should be scanned out and they are not asked the same questions. The problem arises when the interviewer asks the respondents questions in a face to face interview or over a telephonic interview. The interviewer often finds it difficult whether they should include a dont know option in the questionnaire (Ro.uow.edu.au, 2015). In a study conducted by Schumann and Pressser (1996), it was seen that the dont know option has increased from 22% to 25% when the questions were asked explicitly. The questions with which the respondents were less familiar were more prone to answer the dont know option and vice versa. When the questions were not explicitly answered the answers shifted from the dont know to either agree or disagree (McColl, Thomas Jacoby, 2015). Opinion filtering questions Some of the responses of the questions should try to achieve the opinion of the respondents. In questions like what is your opinion about the new policy? would generate a specific opinion of the individual respondent. It can also be seen from these questions that whether the respondent is ignorant about the responses (Krosnick Presser, 2015). Scale options in the questionnaire It was stated by a number of authors that a 5-point or a 7-point scale is used to generate the responses and are most commonly used. It was said by Dawes (2008) that by using those scales it is easier to find the responses as the scales can be rescaled and it facilitates comparison. The 7- point scale is more frequently used than the 5-point scale, as it offers more differentiation of the responses and is more reliable. It was also seen that with the usage of a more scaled responses, the degree of getting a satisfactory answer also increases. It is also used when an abstract response is to be generated from the respondents. Even or odd number of responses in the scale option The researcher has to decide whether he should include an even set of options or an odd set of options while setting the questionnaire. Giving an odd number or responses gives the researcher an option to indicate to the neutral option which lies in the middle of the answer set. The neutral option lets the respondent not to indicate or commit to a favourable option (Wording for rating scales, 2015). Researchers have shown that the middle option attracts 6-23% of the respondents when they are given the chance. It was also seen that the responses shifted to the dont know when the middle option was removed. It was also seen that the options such as somewhat liberal or somewhat conservative drew more attention even though the middle neutral option was not provided (Instructional Assessment Resources, 2015). Options of the response scale labelling The problem that most of the researcher faces is that, whether they should use a unipolar scale or to use a bipolar scale. The unipolar scale uses scale marking from 0 to 10 and the bipolar scale uses +5 to -5 options in the scale. There are other scales such as the verbal scales which includes options like, strongly disagree, disagree, neither disagree nor agree, strongly agree, and agree (Menold Kaczmirek, 2015). It was seen in a research study that the respondents have the tendency of choosing scale of more than 5 in the unipolar scale whereas a positive rating in the bipolar scale. The direction and the order of the responses Foddy (1993) has shown in a study that a number of response options effects arise in the questionnaires responses. Those effects can be recency or primary effects. There are other effects like the effect of the shifting frame of references of the individuals. The primary effects are the assumptions that the individuals will select the earlier options in the questionnaire while the recency effect is that the respondents will select the later responses of the options being provided (Booth, Colomb Williams, 2008). The shifting frame of references refers to the psychology of the individual and depends on whether he has indicated to an option earlier or not (Pasmore, Woodman Shani, 2010). Conclusion Researchers who are responsible for making the questionnaire will find the above considerations to be useful. At first the objectives of the study must be laid out. The questionnaire will need to review the previous researches made in the past (Stone). After the grammar, language, simplicity of the questionnaire is maintained, the task of the researcher is to hold the research process and measure the success of the questionnaire as well as the research. References Alexander, K., Entwisle, D., Dauber, S. (2003).On the success of failure. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Booth, W., Colomb, G., Williams, J. (2008).The craft of research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Colosi, L. (2015).Designing an Effective Questionnaire(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.human.cornell.edu/pam/outreach/parenting/research/upload/Designing-20an-20Effective-20Questionnaire.pdf Colosi, R. (2015).Negatively Worded Questions Cause Respondent Confusion(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.amstat.org/sections/SRMS/Proceedings/y2005/Files/JSM2005-000508.pdf Formulating Survey Questions. (2015) (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.crsllc.org/assets/resource-3-formulating-survey-questions.pdf Full-Length Donor History Questionnaire. (2015) (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/BloodBloodProducts/ApprovedProducts/LicensedProductsBLAs/BloodDonorScreening/UCM213552.pdf Instructional Assessment Resources. (2015) (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.utexas.edu/academic/ctl/assessment/iar/teaching/plan/method/survey/responseScale.pdf Jurges, H. (2015).Interview, Module and Question Length(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.share-project.org/uploads/tx_sharepublications/Methodology_Ch8.pdf Kaminska, O. (2015).Understanding Sources of Social Desirability Bias in Different Modes:(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.iser.essex.ac.uk/research/publications/working-papers/iser/2013-04.pdf Krosnick, J., Presser, S. (2015).Question and Questionnaire Design(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://pprg.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2010-Handbook-of-Survey-Research.pdf Leitz, P. (2015).Research into Questionnaire Design(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.cse.edu/dotAsset/134306.pdf Leung, W. (2001).How to design a questionnaire(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.dpcdsb.org/NR/rdonlyres/138975AC-B110-4D1E-902F-81C8E69BF9A0/107060/How_to_design_a_questionnaire.pdf McColl, E., Thomas, L., Jacoby, A. (2015).Design and use of questionnaires: a review of best practice applicable to surveys(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/64833/FullReport-hta5310.pdf Menold, N., Kaczmirek, L. (2015).A literature review on constructing answer formats(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/Contribution258.pdf Mymarketresearchmethods.com,. (2014).Survey Design Best Practices. Retrieved 7 March 2015, from https://www.mymarketresearchmethods.com/survey-design-best-practices/ Pasmore, W., Woodman, R., Shani, A. (2010).Research in organizational change and development. Bingley, UK: Emerald. Research Consultation Guidelines -Questionnaires. (2015) (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.kirklees.gov.uk/community/yoursay/Questionnaires.pdf Ro.uow.edu.au,. (2015).Questionnaire design and systematic literature reviews. Retrieved 7 March 2015, from https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1124context=ahsri Stone, D H. 'Design A Questionnaire.'.BMJ307.6914 (1993): 1264-1266. Web. Survey Research. (2015) (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.sagepub.in/upm-data/54137_Chapter_8.pdf Wording for rating scales. (2015) (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.uwex.edu/ces/4h/evaluation/documents/Wordingforratingscales.pdf Yuen, Raymond Wai Pong. 'Question Design Tips For Questionnaire'.SSRN Journaln. pag. Web.

Evaluating JIT Training Tasty Coffee

As soon as Tasty Coffee Company purchases iPad devices, E-learning will become efficient and effective and this will enable employees to acquire skills using methods that are most convenient to them. Additionally, just-in-time training means that employees will be in a position to learn when they want to learn in order to solve a particular problem at the work place.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Evaluating JIT Training: Tasty Coffee specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This learning is highly motivational because the problem at hand will be solved immediately after its identification by the employee. Additionally, JIT entails acquiring of relevant information followed by a critical thinking which results to development of problem solving skills (Clark Mayer, 2011) The areas that need to be improved in the JIT design include marketing and sales, finance and accounts, logistics, procurement and treasury de partments. The sales and marketing department could be improved through the use of messages that depict products as unique compared to other products from competitors in the industry (Clark Mayer, 2011). Additionally, the feedback from customers regarding the products should be put in consideration in order to improve on the product’s area of weakness. Products and services are also delivered on time because there is no need to travel as both the products and services are displayed online and could be accessed at any time by the customers. The finance and accounts systems could improve since the systems would have minimal inventories. This could be enhanced by the fact that the application of JIT would enable the company ignore small inventories. Further, it could also allow production of both account and financial statements whenever they are required (Bregg, 2006). Consequently, JIT could improve efficiency and effectiveness in accounting and finance and this in turn could facilitate accountability. In addition, logistics could be improved by avoiding unnecessary stock which translates to extra storage costs. The procurement department also could embrace JIT to allow the purchase of raw materials needed on time. Additionally, this could remove unnecessary processes and activities which translates to time wastage in the production. Further, JIT improves quality and supplier’s reliability because they deliver the goods and services exactly when needed by the customers (Clark Mayer, 2011).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, raw materials required in the industry are availed to the departments that need them in time. Generally, JIT in logistics aims at perfecting the production process and also on cutting of unnecessary costs in the production process. The treasury department could be improved through the use of automa ted systems that are capable of delivering the services on time. This department could work harmoniously with the financial department to make the organization achieve its goals at the stipulated time. Improvement in sales and marketing department could be through the use of modern advertising such us development of a website in which one posts information concerning the organization (Clark Mayer, 2011). This may include information about the products, services and sometime the prices of the products manufactured. The aim of this is to advertise to the customers about the services and products offered by the industry. Finance and accounts could be improved through the use of automated programmes and by avoiding paper work which could be tiresome and time consuming. Further, logistics department could be improved through the building of warehouses that are near the factory so as to fasten the delivery of raw materials. On the other hand, procurement department could be improved thro ugh the improvement of the communication systems with the suppliers which makes delivery of raw materials timely (Bregg, 2006).The treasury department could be improved through the use of modern automated systems that keep track of the cash flow. References Bregg. S. M., (2006). Just-in-time Accounting. John Wiley and Sons. Inc., Malaysia. Clark, R. C., Mayer, R. E. (2011). E-learning and the science of instruction: Proven guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Evaluating JIT Training: Tasty Coffee specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This research paper on Evaluating JIT Training: Tasty Coffee was written and submitted by user Natasha M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Hemingway’s Writing Style Essay Essays

Hemingway’s Writing Style Essay Essays Hemingway’s Writing Style Essay Essay Hemingway’s Writing Style Essay Essay From about the beginning of his composing calling. Hemingway’s typical manner occasioned a great trade of remark and contention. Basically. his manner is simple. direct. and undecorated. likely as a consequence of his early newspaper preparation. He avoids the adjectival whenever possible. but because he is a maestro at conveying emotion without the flowery prose of his Victorian novelist predecessors. the consequence is far more revealing. In Observations on the Style of Ernest Hemingway. from â€Å"Contexts of Criticism† by Harry Levin ( Harvard University Press. 1957 ) . the critic says: â€Å"Hemingway puts his accent on nouns because. among other parts of address. they come closest to things. Stringing them along by agencies of concurrences. he approximates the existent flow of experience. † Hemingway has frequently been described as a maestro of duologue. and most readers agree. upon being foremost introduced to his authorship. that â€Å"this is the manner these characters would truly speak. † It is interesting to observe. nevertheless. that Hemingway’s one effort at playwriting was a failure. Actually. a close scrutiny of his duologue will uncover that this is seldom the manner people truly talk. The consequence is accomplished. instead. by the deliberate accent and repeat which makes us retrieve what has been said. Since the critics can non wholly hold on Hemingway’s manner. possibly the best manner is to set it into the author’s ain words. Shortly before his tragic decease. Hemingway gave to the Wisdom Foundation in California a aggregation of his observations on life and art. love and decease. They were published in the January 1963. issue of Playboy magazine. and in them Hemingway said of his authorship: I do most of my work in my caput. I neer begin to compose until my thoughts are in order. Frequently I recite transitions of duologue as it is being written ; the ear is a good censor. I neer set down a sentence on paper until I have it so expressed that it will be clear to anyone. Yet. I sometimes think that my manner is implicative instead than direct. The reader must frequently utilize his imaginativeness or lose the most elusive portion of my ideas. I take great strivings with my work. pruning and revising with a indefatigable manus. I have the public assistance of my creative activities really much at bosom. I cut them with infinite attention. and buff them until they become brilliants. What many another author would be content to go forth in monolithic proportions. I polish into a bantam treasure. Hemingway goes on at some length. but the kernel of what he says may be in this paragraph: A writer’s manner should be direct and personal. his imagination rich and crude. and his words simple and vigorous. The greatest authors have the gift of superb brevity. are difficult workers. diligent bookmans and competent stylists. To explicate Hemingway’s manner adequately in a few paragraphs is impossible. Tonss of articles. and even some books. have been written on the topic. and it is to these that the serious pupil should travel for extra. more elaborate information.

Nursing organiztion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing organiztion - Research Paper Example This structure is often presented in the form of a chart to clearly identify the mode of delegation of authority in an organization. It is not meant to be the physical premises of the organization but is a part of infrastructure to support an organized group of an organization’s staff to perform in the direction of attainment of the organizational goals. (Blenkhorn, 2005) Organizational structure is the internal, formal framework of an organization that shows the way in which the management is linked together and how authority is transmitted. A typical structure is one that is based on departmental lines, and these departments are divided according to function or the type of work carried out. Structures can be illustrated by means of an organization chart. A traditional one, showing functional structure, is shown in figure 1. Standardization can be explained as a measurement of the applied organizational structure which denotes the extent to which that particular organization is dependent upon processes and regulations in directing its staff behavior. For instance, if there is a policy clarifying the course of action of applying for leave, it is standardization. It can be explained as an important measurement of organizational structure pointing out the extent upon which one or more designations are decided to possess the main locus of authorization. For instance, if we look at a structure chart the chain of command is clearly seen in it. This is meant to be the clear specification of each and every role and position shown in the organization chart. To be more specific we can say that identification of particular tasks performed by that staff member such as the phlebotomist or in a broader sense a specific function may just be identified as for example â€Å"Financial duties†. It is identified as a facet of organization which recognizes the

LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN - Compare & contrast humanitarian & Essay

LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN - Compare & contrast humanitarian & business supply chains. Provide anD analysis of similarities & d - Essay Example Though the supply chain strategies in both the cases aim at efficiency, there are differences arising due to the objectives, nature and goals of the operations, the management structure and management style. Blecken, A. (2010, p. 8) states â€Å"Thomas and Kopezak (2006) see the lack of recognition of importance of supply chain management and logistics in humanitarian organizations as a challenge to efficient and effective logistics and supply chain management†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This observation is in contrast to the recognition of its importance given by the private businesses, though an encouraging trend is evolving in humanitarian supply chain. I Factors differentiating humanitarian and business supply chains Factors differentiating humanitarian and business supply chains are discussed in this section. Though the operational strategy in the case of both humanitarian and business supply chain basically involves procurement, storage, transportation and distribution, similarities and dif ferences relative to these functions in respect of humanitarian and business supply chains are discussed separately under section II for understanding of the operational issues in proper perspective. Stakeholders The primary stakeholders in the humanitarian supply chain are the people affected by earth quakes, floods and other natural calamities; afflicted by epidemics, poverty or other events. Unlike the customers or suppliers of a business organization who comes to do business with the corporations or associate with them as employees, the humanitarian organizations are involved in the rescue or rehabilitation operations of unknown people from different parts of the world in need of assistance and support. These people are not related to other stakeholders like donors, service providers, NGOs or other agencies and the service to humanity is the cornerstone of these humanitarian organizations. Management structure The management structure of humanitarian organizations is not uniform as in the case of private corporations with a defined hierarchy and chain of command. Lack of accountability is a systematic problem in the charitable organizations. However, Tomasini & Wassenhove (2004, p. 446) noted that in the case of humanitarian supply management system (SUMA) developed by Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) in El Salvador a public-private commission was set up, including Price Waterhouse and KPMG Peat Marwick to audit the reception and distribution of goods as well as the management of funds. SUMA has successfully overcome the inherent weakness in the management structure of the humanitarian supply chain. Coordination with the Stakeholders Humanitarian operations are complex with different stakeholders such as government agencies, local authorities, private sector corporations, service providers, goods suppliers, large and small aid agencies and NGOs apart from the communities involved. Adherence to the humanitarian principles in the activities at all lev els and ensuring relief without partiality or discrimination is very important for sustaining the confidence level and trust of the donors and other stakeholders for their continued assistance and support. Infrastructure facilities Problems faced by a typical humanitarian orga

Analyze an evaluate the impact of volunteer tourism on host Essay

Analyze an evaluate the impact of volunteer tourism on host communities - Essay Example Introduction Volunteer tourism refers to the travel to destinations not only for leisure but also to participate in charitable projects, in which the traveler is interested, on a voluntary basis. This is therefore a form of tourism that poses both the tourist and the host to vast social interaction, leading to cultural exchanges and understanding of each others’ ways of living. These interactions are bound to result to modifications in the host environment (destination) depending on the types of projects participated in and their levels of intensity (Guttentag, 2009). Besides social interaction, this type of tourism has a range of impacts both beneficial and detrimental to the local community. Positive impacts include cultural identity, cross cultural awareness and appreciation, economic development of the local community (depending on the kind of activities participated in), global interactions, job creation which finally eliminates the problems of unemployment and poverty in the destination area (Guttentag, 2009). ... so exposed to higher levels of environmental pollution owing to the tourists way of life that encourages plenty of garbage disposal from packed and carry-away foods, the containers of which if not well disposed leads to increased pollution. This paper seeks to analyze the possible positive and negative impacts of volunteer tourism to the host community in a wider detail while at the same time evaluating them in a sustainable approach that will provide an attainable balance of tourism and its activities/projects. Background of Volunteer Tourism In the 19th century, voluntary activities had their emergence from the altruistic and missionary movements so as to curb the very specific and clear class divisions that existed in the society. Many institutions created to curb these divisions relied on volunteer workers. In the second half of the 20th century, volunteer sector and international tourism growth as a social phenomenon changed. Mass tourism growth exposed tourist to international cultures in an uncontrolled and exploitative manner. With the emergence of concepts like eco-tourism, responsible tourism and sustainable tourism as the alternatives to mass tourism, the media played a key role in exposing the exploitation of resources and communities on a global scale and the very clear divisions between the poor and the rich. The success of international initiatives to provide promotional outlets for the voluntary and charity contributions saw the growing attention to goodwill activities. (Michelle Callanan, 2009) In the recent past charities have teamed up with tour operators to create combined fundraising and adventure holidays with an aim to promote an image of ethical and social responsibility. The motive for tourists to engage in voluntary tourism originates from

Cheating and Plagiarism: Academic Dishonesty

Cheating and Plagiarism: Academic Dishonesty Cheating and plagiarism have always been a problem in the society. Especially academics dishonestly have risen in favor of fashion. Universities continue develop honor code to stop cheating from happening, also cheaters come up with new technical to cheat. Nowadays, cell phones have supported students to cheat and websites serve unethical solutions to assignments. What is academic integrity? â€Å"Academic integrity means honesty and responsibility in scholarship. Students and faculty alike must obey rules of honest scholarship, which means that all academic work should result from an individuals own efforts. Intellectual contributions from others must be consistently and responsibly acknowledged. Academic work completed in any other way is fraudulent† ( ). Academic dishonesty occurs usually in many forms: cheating, recycling, fabrication, unauthorized collaboration and plagiarism. These may be accomplished by submitting someone’s work acting as own work, or using unauthorized sources that not allow in exams or assignments. It is important that students should become familiar with what is academic dishonesty and how to avoid it. Cheating is one of the high level academic dishonesty forms. These actions are considered cheating: using unauthorized sources on tests, copying from other students’ assignments or allowing your work to be copy, stealing assignments, test, or projects before tests, or using electronic device when taking tests. Fabrication is just making things up. According to Penn university academic integrity, fabrication is manufacturing sources, information, quotes, or anything else has no place in articles or papers based on analysis, reporting, or a research. Submitting own work which has been graded and submitting again for another courses called recycling. But some instructors may allow using as long as students did themselves, students must not assume that it’s acceptable process. If student want to reuse a same assignment discuss with professor. If professor give permission to use it than revise assignment and check sources and citation, or not using it at all. Unauthorized collaboration is working with partner without permission of instructor and submitted for a grade. In computer science class, students are allowed to discuss projects concepts, but code has to be their own. If students work together and submitted same code separately than it will consider as plagiarism. They have to create their own code if a concept is same that’s fine. Example of cheating, Mia was a student at University of Minnesota. In 2013, she moved Twin cities from another county. It is hard for her to fit in Twin cities because of understand the language, and make new friends. Sometimes it is difficult to do assignments and concentrate on all her classes. Fall 2013, she is taking a biology class. She thought it would be doable class but it turn out pretty tough. Mia studied as hard as she could for the class work and testes. In one of the tests, the answers are to be marked in scantram by blacking out lettered circles on a scantram. The test covered the topics that she didn’t study. She tried her best to finish the test and then hands in. she come back to her desk and await the end of class. Other students are still working on the test. Mark was one of them, he seems to have no problem with the test and he is taking his time to do finish the test. Mia is still waiting for the class to end but between than she saw mark scantram and ther e are many answers different than her. So she trust on mark answers and ask professor for her scantram back, saying that she did not correctly put her student ID number. Professor hand it back scantram, she quickly erases and changes some answers that she saw on Mark’s scantram and turn it back in. Sometime later, the instructor informs her that the proctor saw her change her answers beside student ID number. She is going to be given an â€Å"F† for the test and for the course ( ). Mia has trouble with English isn’t excuse for copying answers from another student. If she having difficulty to catch up with class than she should talk with instructor, or approach another students, or get help from Teacher Assistant. This is clear case of cheating because Mia copied answers from Mark. Mia could ask for extra time to study for the test, or asked about what kind of questions were going to be on the test so she could focus on studies. If we looking from Mia point of view than she is from another country that she probably don’t know the rules or help are available for her. Stress is not considered justifying circumstance, but failure might be. Example of plagiarism, John is undergraduate subject coordinator on intro to programming. The projects require students to submit code with design, implement, and test and debug programs using C++ language (programming language). John knows that students can get code from internet, friends or buy from websites rather than create own code. So he creates an assignment to reduce the opportunities to copy from internet and not doing their work. It is important to that projects will help to build the basic knowledge of programming. Amy was one of John’s colleagues; she asks if she can test her shared code on john’s student assignments john agrees. John thinks his students did their assignments their own, but Amy’s program find 15% of the students copied code from classmates. Sometime, programming assignments have certain common ways to solve the problem. So that didn’t mean that they copied from each other or get from internet because at the beginning level class they don’t have enough knowledge about the ways that they can approach the same solution. But it didn’t mean that students didn’t copied form internet or other students. It’s all depend how accurate Amy program is, if program just looking same character that found in the students assignment than their might chance that students copied, but if programming testing on the algorithms than it’s all depend on the requirements of the assignment. Because if professor assign that student have to includes technique than sure it will be large number will display. There are some situation it’s hard to decide that students done Academic Integrity violations. For example, Kali and Lucy are international students form Narnia and in the same science class. Lucy understands English better than Kali. Lucy works hard to improve Kali’s English vocabulary. Kali tries her best to improve her English, but she is having a hard time accommodating the information because she isn’t sleeping well or eating. During exam, Kali is having trouble understanding what questions are asking for therefore she doesn’t know what to write for the answer. She scared that she’ll fail the class. Kali starts asking Lucy what to do. The TA notices that Kali and Lucy are talking in Narnian and he asks them what they are talking about. So Lucy explain than Kali doesn’t understands what question asking for so she just translating the questions for Kali. The TA asks them not to talk and if Kali has question then she should bring it to him. Kali want to him and TA explain to her but she still didn’t understand what the questions asking for. So she went back to her seat and starts to panic. Few minutes later, they both start talking in Narnian. TA tells them to stop talking, but TA knows Lucy is a smart student but thinks that Lucy might just translate the question but he isn’t sure. So he decides to report to the professor. Lucy risked her grade by not doing as the TA said. Both could get failing grades on the exam. It would have been better if Lucy had talked to the professor about Kali’s problems about understanding English. The professor might suggest to take ESL classes to improve Kali’s English and make new friends or might able to accommodate Kali’s needs better if he had know there was a problem. The professor might give one change to both to re-take exam, if possible with a Narnian translator for Kali to test her knowledge. Because it is a very tough situation that there is change that Lucy might just translate questions to Kali and not gave any answers. So that would be unfair for her to define as academic dishonesty. References http://www.library.illinois.edu/learn/research/academicintegrity.html cheating example http://tutorials.istudy.psu.edu/academicintegrity/academicintegrity_print.html

Remedial College Classes Benefit Students and Society Essay -- Argumen

Remedial College Classes Benefit Students and Society Depending on the opinion, one could have been excited or startled by comments President George W. Bush recently made. It was August 29th, and the day had come for him to deliver his â€Å"Back-to-School† speech. Always pushing for improving education, the President urged state leaders to look at a new tactic for making the students achieve; he argued against remedial classes in colleges. State leaders across the country, if they had not already done so, began seriously debating the issue of whether remedial classes belonged in the states’ universities and colleges. Indeed, there is a lot to question about the state of higher-education remediation. Some of the first issues that come up are the alarmingly high number of incoming freshmen and other students that need to take a remedial class, which is somewhere around one per every four students (Cloud 60; Ravitch 106). Also important is the significant amount of money governments spent to finance remedial clas ses, which comes to about one billion dollars per year nationwide. With all of this fiscal spending, it comes as no surprise that conservatives are spearheading the push to end remedial classes in colleges and universities. They see it as money spent to teach the same thing to a person twice, and nothing bothers republicans more then laziness and failure at the cost of fiscal money (Cloud 60). However, the actual definition differs from the classic GOP interpretation. A college remedial class, as defined in John Cloud’s Time article, â€Å"Who’s Ready for College?,† is any class that teaches a subject that should have been mastered by the end of twelfth grade (60). Is this wasted money or beneficial educa... ...nal Standards.† Phi Delta Kappan 80.7 (Mar. 1999): 548-9. Cloud, John. â€Å"Who’s Ready for College?† Time 160.16 (Oct. 2002): 61-2. Cresanta, Judy. â€Å"Placing the Blame for Remedial Education.† 15 Jul. 1998. Nevada Policy Research Institute. 17 Nov. 2002. Oudenhoven, Betsy. â€Å"Remediation at the Community College: Pressing Issues, Uncertain Solutions.† New Directions for Community Colleges 117 (Spring 2002): 35-44. Ravitch, Dianne. â€Å"The Fight for Higher Standards.† Forbes 160.13 (Dec. 1997): 106. St. John, Eric. â€Å"Roaring Up From Behind.† Black Issues in Higher Education 17.12 (Aug. 3 2002): 26-31. Wright, Scott W. â€Å"The Ill-Prepared and the Ill-Informed.† Black Issues in Higher Education 15 (Mar. 1998): 12-5. Wright, Scott W. â€Å"This Isn’t Working!† Black Issues in Higher Education 14 (Feb. 1998): 14-15.

Characteristics of Maggie and Don in the Rainbow Bird Essay

Maggie is a nature-lover & fascinated by nature. Instead of paying attention in class, Maggie’s mind â€Å"had been filled with a vision of the bird.† This clearly shows that she is so enthralled by the rainbow bird that she cannot concentrate in class. From what her mother said, â€Å"It’s a bird now†, I can infer that she may have other interests before. In school, she carried â€Å"beetles’ wings and cowries† about in her desk â€Å"to stare at† and this shows that she is a person who loves nature. Her love for nature is also evident in the way she reacts when she finds out that the Honey Man killed the rainbow bird and its family. Her anger and sorrow reveal how much the bird means to her. She is secretive, loner and is misunderstood by others. Maggie refuses to let her friends know about â€Å"her secret† about the rainbow bird. She is afraid that if they find out about the rainbow bird, they will start teasing and making fun of her. Maggie is very emotional, sensitive and revengeful. Upon hearing about the rainbow bird’s death, Maggie â€Å"lets herself get worked up† and started to curse the Honey Man. This is evident in â€Å"He will die. I know he will.. Serve him right, too† She hates the Honey Man so much that she describes him as a â€Å"devil† and a â€Å"beast† and wished that â€Å"forked lightning would leaped out of the sky and char him to ashes.† This clearly shows that Maggie holds a grudge against the Honey Man and is revengeful. Maggie immediately questioned the Honey Man, â€Å"What’re you doing with that gun?† This shows that Maggie is very straightforward and rude because she did not greet the Honey Man when she saw him. Immediately after school, Maggie â€Å"raced down† constantly urging Don to hurry up. This shows that she is anxious to meet the rainbow bird and impatient. She told Don to â€Å"chuck† the bird away and Don â€Å"obeyed† her. Maggie was able to make Don listen to her and able to control Don. Maggie could identify that it was Cafferty the Honey Man who was the â€Å"big, dark figure† on the slope. She could see a â€Å"lump† in his pocket. Maggie watched the Honey Man’s every move and is therefore observant. Even though the rainbow bird is dead, Maggie is still hating the Honey Man that he killed the bird. She also thought that the people were â€Å"burying the rainbow bird†. This shows that she is unrealistic and was still thinking about the rainbow bird. Maggie is imaginative. Although the rainbow bird is dead, Maggie is trying to â€Å"imagine† the rainbow bird and thought that the people were â€Å"burying the rainbow bird†. This shows that Maggie is very imaginative. Upon hearing that the Honey Man is charging â€Å"six-pence† for every rainbow bird, Don planned to go hunting for rainbow birds with other boys. He was not on his sister’s side and wanted to kill the rainbow birds for money. This shows that Don is greedy. Don â€Å"obeyed† his sister and â€Å"chuck† the rainbow bird away. Don wanted to † feel if there were any little ones† in the nest without considering that the mother bird would go away. He did not know that there was someone near the nest and was about to go on but Maggie stopped him. This clearly shows that he is rash, and do things without thinking. Even though the rainbow is dead, Don â€Å"pretended he did not care† and did not console his sister. He did not feel sad when the rainbow bird is dead. This shows that he is unfeeling and cruel.

Cake Mistakes and Kooky Cookies

Cake Mistakes and Kooky Cookies Cake Mistakes and Kooky Cookies Cake Mistakes and Kooky Cookies By Mark Nichol The problem with spelling-challenged cake decorators is that they don’t have to eat their words, so sometimes they get a little careless, or display their ignorance on the icing. And though the purchasers can try to devour the evidence, there always seems to be somebody around to document the sweet screw-ups. Absent the sloppy lettering, this is a very well-done icing job. But not only is the cursive writing poorly executed (note the m and the n in particular), the cake decorator is also one of the seemingly innumerable people who mistakenly believes that the correct way to form a plural is to add an apostrophe and an s. Job applicants for this line of work should have to pass an English test. Next to Pennsylvania State University’s heinous football-program scandal, this is a trivial matter: The cake decorator misspelled the first word of this message. In an odd way, though, it works when interpreted as a series of the kind of monosyllabic grunts you’d expect football fanatics to utter: â€Å"Here.† (Getting attention.) â€Å"Us.† (Identifying the subjects.) â€Å"Roar.† (Describing the subjects’ actions.) If you eat too many of these things, â€Å"Huge me† might be an appropriate admission. But there is no silent e in hug, folks. Not only does the decorator have poor cursive skills, but the person also impressively committed three errors in three words consisting (when rendered correctly) of a total of eight letters and a couple of marks. Besides omitting the possessive apostrophe and s required in it’s and spelling girl incorrectly, the perpetrator failed to incite excitement with an exclamation point. It a gril. Ho-hum. OK, let’s sit back and think about this for a moment: This is an exhibit of the work of someone who either has never heard of the Star Trek franchise (impossible) or committed this odd transposition error while inebriated or otherwise incapacitated (highly unlikely, considering that the lettering job is otherwise admirable). So, is this an inside joke about teleportation? Highly illogical, Captain, but fascinating. This error also calls for analysis. My deduction: The message was phoned in: â€Å"I’d like it to say ‘Sheri,’ with an i.† The cake decorator interpreted the message differently. Why? Who in their right mind would think the message, as presented, has any meaning to anyone? The perpetrator was obviously not mentally engaged or was mentally deranged during the creative process. â€Å"Your cute† what? Oh, the decorator ran out of space for â€Å"smile† or whatever. Wrong. It should be â€Å"You’re cute.† But the number of people who don’t know or understand the difference between you’re and your is increasing exponentially, in my perception and our cookie decorator is one of them. These images are from the websites Apostrophe Abuse, English Fail Blog, and Wordsplosion! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a UK Business Letter35 Genres and Other Varieties of Fiction10 Tips About How to Write a Caption

Internal, External and Situational Influences on Consumer Behaviour

Internal, External and Situational Influences on Consumer Behaviour The products that will be focused on this assessment will be meat products including poultry, new and/or used passenger cars, property (housing units) and dairy products.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Internal, External and Situational Influences on Consumer Behaviour specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These four product purchases will be assessed for internal, external and situational influences to determine the type of consumer behaviour that accompanies the consumer’s decision process when purchasing any of these products. Purchase one Purchase one is meat and poultry products which are one of the most commonly bought products in the Australia. Based on 2006 statistics, meat and poultry products were the mostly commonly purchased products for many Australian consumers and the country was also able to export meat and poultry products to countries such as Europe and the United States for a total of $1.3 billion in exports (Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry 2007). The most commonly purchased meat products include beef, red meat, veal, liver and kidney meat and sheep offal. The poultry products that are commonly sold to Australian consumers include chicken breasts, eggs, chicken wings which are available in many of the fast food restaurants in Australia and boneless chicken products. The average consumption of meat products in Australia averages more than 224 grams a day for each individual consumer while that of poultry products amounts to 200 grams per day (Minchin 2007).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The internal, external and situational factors are those characteristics that influence or impact the purchasing behaviour of a consumer. The internal factors that affect a consumer’s purchasing behaviour include their personality traits , the psychological makeup of the consumer (what they think and feel when selecting products), the type of behaviour they demonstrate when buying products and how consumer motivation affects their decision strategies (East et al. 2008). The external factors that affect the purchasing decision of a consumer include influence from reference groups such as family members, friends, acquaintances and work colleagues, the quality and quantity of the product that is being purchased and the needs assessment of the product where the consumer is motivated to make a purchase decision for a product that will meet their needs (Tanner and Raymond 2010). The internal factors that affect the purchasing behaviour of meat and poultry product consumers include internal stimuli on the part of the consumer where they are compelled to buy meat because of a desire to eat meat products. The main motivation for Australian consumers to purchase meat and poultry products comes out of a desire to satisfy their hunger. Poultry products such as those sold in fast food restaurants like MacDonald’s and KFC are mostly bought with the main purpose of meeting the immediate hunger needs of consumers. The external stimulus that affects the purchase of meat and poultry products amongst Australian consumers include recommendations from reference groups who have purchased their meat products from certain supermarkets, meat delis, meat markets or other suppliers of meat products in the country (Lamb et al. 2009). These recommendations help the buyer of the product to determine whether the type of meat products sold in the recommended place will meet their dietary needs and also whether the meat or poultry is sold in a clean and refrigerated environment.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Internal, External and Situational Influences on Consumer Behaviour specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Recommendations also allow the consume r to ascertain whether there are any alternatives to meat or poultry products such as red meat or veal available in the local market. Situational factors are the temporary conditions that affect how buyers behave during the purchase decision making exercise (O’Dougherty 2007). Situational factors influence whether the consumer will actually buy a product or not from a retailer and what factors will affect their purchasing decision. The most common situational factors that affect the buying decisions of a consumer include physical factors such as the location of a store, general ambience and environment, social factors such as whether the product is good for the society and time factors such as how long it takes to purchase the product when the product is being purchased by the consumer (Tanner and Raymond 2010). The situational influences that affect the purchasing process of meat and poultry consumers include the physical location of the meat delis or stores as well as the g eneral ambience of the store. Stores that are convenient to the buyer with regards to accessibility and are generally clean are likely to influence their purchasing decision when compared to meat delis that are difficult to locate and access and also have dirty refrigerators and unclean floors (Tanner and Raymond 2010). Purchase Two The second purchase that will be assessed to determine the type of consumer behaviour employed by buyers when making their purchases is property or housing units which is a high involvement purchase for most consumers who decide to buy a house. Australia is among top countries in the world that are experiencing a thriving real estate market as many citizens and residents desire to become home owners. Many Australian cities like Perth, Sydney and Melbourne are experiencing a boom in real estate as well as towns in the rural parts of the country.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An increasing number of people both Australian citizens and people living abroad have become increasingly involved in owning their property because home ownership in Australia is a goal for most of these people. Currently over 70 percent of the population in Australia owns residential property while the rest are tenants pointing to the fact that real estate ownership is an important objective for most Australian citizens and residents. According to the Real Estate Perth Guide (2011) the increase in property acquisition and real estate investment in Australia has been attributed to two factors the first one of which is the growing Australian population seeking to purchase real estate property in many of the urban cities in Australia. These property buyers have begun to realise the importance of investing in the housing market as it is seen as a long term investment. The second factor that has led to the increase in property acquisition in the country is that a notable number of peopl e have begun putting their money into real estate property that is related to tourism. Tourism is one of the major economic drivers in Australia and such investments are deemed to yield considerable returns to people who decide to invest in the sector (Real Estate Perth Guide 2011). The internal factors that influence the purchase decision of property buyers include consumer motivation to purchase housing units. As mentioned earlier on in the discussion home ownership is an important goal for most Australian citizens where individuals are motivated to buy their own homes. There is therefore increased consumer motivation to acquire housing units with the single family residences being the most commonly sought after housing units in the country. Australian residents and citizens are also motivated to purchase their own housing units because of the investment opportunity these purchases present to them. Investing in the housing sector that is involved in tourism guarantees some signifi cant returns to these individuals (Real Estate Perth Guide 2011). The external factors that influence the purchasing decision of real estate property buyers in Australia include family and cultural influences where individuals who have families are influenced to purchase single family residences so that they can be able to meet the housing needs of their families. The demand for such housing units has continued to increase as more Australians with families seek to own their own residential houses. Family and cultural backgrounds have therefore played a major role in home acquisition in the country. Another external factor that affects the consumer’s behaviour when buying property includes the quality of the product that is being purchased. Housing units are of a high quality and they present a significant return on investment to consumers especially those who have decided to invest in the real estate sector related to tourism. The quality of the product therefore plays an imp ortant role in influencing the purchase behaviour of the consumer (Lantos 2011). The situational factors that will affect the purchasing decision of housing consumers is the physical factors which according to Tanner and Raymond (2010) affect what type of product the consumer will buy, when they will buy it and how much of it they will buy. Physical factors include the location of the property, the price or cost of purchasing the property and the type of housing that is on sale. Such physical factors will influence the purchasing behaviour of consumers who might for example want to buy housing units in the rural or urban areas of Australia or might want to buy apartments instead of single housing units (Hoyer and Macinnis 2010). Purchase Three The third purchase that will be assessed will be new and used cars which are high involvement purchases bought by consumers and buyers. Just like any other country in the world, Australia has a high car purchase rate that has seen many buyers as young as sixteen years old owning their own cars. The last statistics to be conducted in 1995 on the number of people who owned cars in Australia were able to reveal the number of passenger vehicles registered per 1,000 people which had increased from 250 from the previous year to 465. This increase was mostly attributed to the convenience and flexibility personally owned cars provided to their owners which made buying a car much easier. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the increase in passenger vehicle buyers was also attributed to the ease of accessing employment, education and health services where people who had their own cars were able to engage in these and other activities (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2006). Owning a car in Australia is seen to be a necessity rather than a luxury based on the increasing number of people in the country who own cars. People who have their own modes of transportation find it relatively easier to conduct their various busi ness and/or personal functions without any form of hassles. This increasing need to have their own personal modes of transportation has contributed greatly to the purchase decision that car buyers go through when deciding to buy a car. Because cars are high involvement purchases, consumers have to evaluate the internal, external and situational factors that will come in to play when deciding to go through with their purchases (Tanner and Raymond 2010). The internal factors that will influence the purchase of either new or used cars will be the type of motivation that a consumer has to buy a new or used car. As highlighted in the previous paragraph car buyers in Australia buy cars for purposes of convenience and flexibility meaning that the car offers them with an opportunity to accomplish various activities. The motivation of the car buyer to purchase a car will therefore depend on either of these factors. Another internal factor will relate to the individual tastes of the consumer where the consumer will consider which car model and make suits their own personal tastes. The external factors that will affect the consumer decision to buy a car will be the type of lifestyle that exists in Australia which allows for every individual of the family to own a car as long as they are 18 years and over. Holden which is the main car manufacturer in Australia has been able to develop various car brands that are meant to suit the various lifestyles and culture of the Australians. Some of the cars produced by Holden Australia include Commodore, Camden, Astra, Holden Monaro Coupe and Chevrolet. The situational factor that will affect the buyer decision to purchase a car will be physical factors where the location of car auto-marts will influence whether a consumer wants to buy a car. The ease with which a potential car buyer locates a Holden store in their vicinity will play a major role in influencing their purchase decisions (Tanner and Raymond 2010). Purchase Four The fo urth purchase to be assessed in the study will be dairy products which according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2004) is the most intensive sector in the country. According to 2001 and 2002 statistics, consumers in the country drank approximately 18 percent of whole milk which was mostly produced in the state of Victoria. 50 percent of the country’s annual milk production was exported to other foreign countries such as the United States, Asia and Europe while the remaining percentage was sold to manufacturers of butter, cheese, cheddar and other dairy products. 2005-2006 statistics showed that the production of whole milk amounted to 10,092 millimetres while the consumption of whole milk and other dairy products such as cheese, skim milk powder, butter and casein amounted to 527 kt (Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry 2007). Victoria is the dominant producer and supplier of milk as it accounts for 61 percent of milk production in the country. The states of New South Wales and Queensland both account for 22 percent of the milk supply in the country while Tasmania accounts for 7 percent of milk production and dairy products. The high production of milk and milk products in the country has made dairy products to be easily available to many Australian consumers in the local market regardless of their income levels within the country. Milk and dairy products are therefore common purchases for many average consumers in Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2004). The internal factors that will affect the consumer buying decision will be the motives of the individual dairy consumer that will be borne out of the desire to purchase dairy products which have been identified as a staple food source in the Western diet. Milk and other dairy products provide consumers with Calcium and other vital nutrients that support bone formation. Consumers might decide to buy dairy products because of this reason as well as the staple source of food that these products provide to consumers. The personal tastes of the individual might also determine dairy product purchases where consumers who want to buy high quality cheese and cheddar are influenced because of their desire for quality products. Consumers who do not have high quality preferences might decide to purchase the lower value dairy products because they do not attach a particular preference to their purchases (Tanner and Raymond 2010). The external factors that will influence the buyer’s decision to buy milk will be socio-cultural factors where as mentioned earlier on dairy products are the staple source of food for many westernised countries. The household budget will also affect the consumer’s decision to buy dairy products such as cheese and butter as some brands of these products are manufactured for high-end buyers. The situational factors that will influence the purchase of milk and dairy products will be time factors where the time of day will dete rmine whether a consumer will buy milk. Most dairy products are usually consumed in the morning for breakfast which means that the buyer’s decision to buy milk will be high if they make their purchase decision in the morning. References Australian Bureau of Statistics (2004) The Australian dairy industry. Available at: abs.gov.au/ausstats/[emailprotected]/Previousproducts/1301.0Feature%20Article182004?opendocumenttabname=Summaryprodno=1301.0issue=2004num=view= Australian Bureau of Statistics (2006) Australian social trends, 1996. Available at: abs.gov.au/Ausstats/[emailprotected]/2f762f95845417aeca25706c00834efa/71DFDE1556ED2AB7CA2570EC0073F3E1 Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (2007). Australian food statistics  2006. Canberra, Sydney: Food and Agriculture Division East, R., Wright, M., and Vanhuele, M., (2008) Consumer behaviour: applications in  marketing. London: Sage Publications Hoyer, W.D., and Macinnis, D.J., (2010) Consumer behaviour. Mason, Ohio : South Western Cengage Learning Lamb, C.W., Hair, J.F., and McDaniel, C., (2009) Essentials of marketing. Mason, Ohio: South Western Cengage Lantos, G.P., (2011) Consumer behaviour in action: real-life applications for marketing  managers. New York: M.E. Sharpe Incorporated Minchin, L., (2007) Limit meat eating to tackle climate change: study. Available at: smh.com.au/news/environment/limit-meat-eating-to-tackle-climate-change-study/2007/09/13/1189276861060.html O’Dougherty, D., (2007) Consumer behaviour. Cape Town, South Africa: Pearson Education South Africa Real Estate Perth Guide (2011) Australian property: guide to buying property in  Australia. Available at: http://realestateperthguide.com.au/?p=233 Tanner, J., and Raymond, M.A., (2010) Principles of marketing. New York: Flat World Knowledge

Economics Debt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economics Debt - Essay Example Historically, one of the main challenges to government leaders is the generation, and the application of a country’s wealth and resources towards â€Å"three main duties of great importance. These are as follows: protecting the country from violence and invasion; protecting, as far as possible, every member of the society from oppression and injustice, and thirdly, erecting and maintaining public works, public institutions, which can never be for the interest of any individual or group of individuals. Financing the state was basically through revenue raised through â€Å"taxes of one kind or another (Smith 476).1 Public debt was not unheard of, but was held suspect. In the last two decades, most countries have been experiencing periods where their outlays exceed their revenues, with no balanced budget in sight. Governments faced the formidable task of managing runaway budget deficits and growing public debts, both internal (owed to nationals), and external (owed to foreigners). To cover the shortfall or deficit, governments sell public assets, levy taxes, print and/or borrow money. Government borrowings to finance deficits create â€Å"public† debts, which need to be serviced through interest payments or through refinancing. Obligations of government resulting from issuing guarantees for a public sector enterprise added to the public debt become what are known as the â€Å"federal debt (Iqbal 2)2.† Available data showed that by 2007, 124 countries had been running on borrowings and that many of these countries had breached the acceptable level of public debt -to -GDP ratio. The US debt-to-GDP ratio had risen to 60.8 % in 2007. Other countries exhibited higher debt-to- GDP ratio; Japan’s debt-to-GDP ratio reached 170%, Germany, 64.9%, and Canada, 64.2 %( Nationmaster1)3. Public debt and budget deficits had become a global phenomenon and the principles of balanced budget and surplus became part of a

Integrity in Humanistic Organizations Research Paper

Integrity in Humanistic Organizations - Research Paper Example This paper can help to understand what a humanistic organization means. The humanistic organizations can therefore are those organizations that are formed and operate on the basis of the interest of the welfare and interest of human beings Integrity can be defined as the adherence by a person or by the organization to a given set of moral principles and character. The term can also be expanded to mean the quality of having a sound moral character and honesty of actions. Integrity also has to do with being free from the influences or motives that are corrupting. This freedom from influences is especially important in the operations of the humanistic organization. Development on the other hand refers to the activities in the organization that are geared towards enhancing or improving the productivity of the people and the various components of an organization. Development also has to do with the activities that are geared towards enhancing the performance or the quality of leadership i n an organization. This in turn has the effect of improving the productivity of the said organization. Humanistic organizations are usually carefully planned and the activities that are engaged in are coordinated. The elements or people within an organization usually work under a given set of rules and leadership structure that governs their organization. In defining integrity, there are three aspects that should be considered. These aspects are consistency, relational awareness and inclusion. The consistency aspect has to do with the association between the words and the actions. There should be a consistency between what one says and what one does. The two should be the same. Consistency means that what one says should not be affected by influences from others and should also not be affected by the possibility of personal gain. To be consistent also means that one should adhere to their standards and principles despite the circumstances and despite who is watching (Marchica 40). T he aspect of relational awareness means that one is conscious of the different relationships in which they are involved in. this means that the person should have the awareness of one’s identity and how that identity relates to others. The awareness of the relationships that one has with others enables a person to know how to act and react in different circumstances. This connects with the consistency aspect in that integrity means that an individual or an organization must be aware of their identity (this has to do with what an organization is all about) and or their actions (what they should do in different situations). For the humanistic organization, the actions and their mission has to be centered on ensuring the wellbeing of others. The humanistic organization is also centered on ensuring that more potent contributions are made in the workplace (Schneider, Bugental & Pierson 522) The inclusion aspect of integrity means that the organization or the individuals in the org anization must be open to the differences that exist between them. Inclusion means that the